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1.International Patent Application: WO
00/30238 bzw. PCT/EP99/08683
You can find this patentapplication with all the
compled result of the research in the book "Das
Luftsulenprinzip" (The Air-coil principle) and you can order
this. In this book you will find also seven german patentaplications
and many other new developments. And you find all essays and the calculations
about the machines.
ELECTRICAL MACHINE
The invention concerns an electrical machine according
to the generic portion of claims 1 and 2 which consists of an air gap
winding with at least one air-core coil which has no contact with return
path material and each air-core coil simultaneously in the effective region
of both magnetic poles. This means that each coil side of an air-core
coil is in the effective field of one type of pole at the moment of maximum
energy conversion and the type of pole of the two coil sides is different
and complete their effects in the air-core coil (definition: two-pole
air-core coil), with the field-free conductor regions between neighboring
poles of the same type of pole also belonging to the coil side (definition:
coil side). Two coil sides are connected directly or through conductors
into a closed or open air-core coil whose portion lying in the movement
of direction is very large and is therefore referred to as an inactive
conductor or, if it lies outside the field, generally as a winding head.
These machines are known in the form of rotating machines
with a radial magnetic field, e.g., in DE PS 973 746, as a bell-shaped
rotor motor in which the air gap is between the shell sides of two nesting
cylinders, with the outer one being a hollow cylinder, is penetrated by
a radial magnetic field, and in which the air-core coils each extend axially
and rotate relative to the cylinders, which are connected with one another.
The advantage of these machines lies in the utilization of high peripheral
speeds and, in Bell-shaped rotors, also in simple assembly and manufacture.
A disadvantage of them is that the inactive conductor
portion within an air-core coil is very large. A further disadvantage
is that the active conductor portion within an air-core coil can then
only be increased by an axial extension of the winding, which, however,
has its limits due to mechanical reasons and the space problems which
thus arise, and is particularly strongly restricted in bell-shaped rotors
by the layering of the winding on only one side, so that their maximum
output is limited to under 100 W.
Furthermore, these machines are known in a rotating form
with an axial magnetic field as in, e.g., DE PS 839 062, in which the
air gap is between two coaxially mounted disks of a field device delimiting
an air gap, which is penetrated by an axial field and in which the air-core
coils extend radially and rotate relative to the disks, which are connected
with one another.
The advantage here lies in the small axial dimension
of the machine.
However, the copper losses within an air-core coil are
very large, because a deformation of the winding heads is present, with
the winding heads close to the axle very short and those in the peripheral
region of the machine unproportionally long, so that the portion of the
conductor which lies within an air-core coil active to the direction of
movement is small and the proportion to the inactive conductor portion
is unfavorable. The active conductor portion is additionally strongly
restricted in these machines, because their dimensions lead to unhandy
machine diameters and, in coil rotors, to centrifugal force problems due
to the large winding head masses in the peripheral region.
Furthermore, the problem exists in these axial and radial
field machines that the coil and pole widths in air-core coils is closely
connected with the length of the inactive portion of the conductor and/or
with the copper losses within the air-core coil. In order to keep these
small, only small pole and coil widths can be used, which, however, causes
the disadvantage that in these high-poled machines, the poles are, on
one hand, low-power, and, on the other hand, the eddy current losses within
the winding increase due to the many pole transitions. This dependence
makes the design of the machines very complex and greatly restricts them.
In addition, a rotating axial field motor is known, in
JP 0550083449 AA, in which the air gap exists between three coaxially
mounted disks, between the central disk and each of the two outer disks,
with the central disk carrying permanent magnetic poles on both aces,
and every air-core coil folded multiple times around the outer edges of
the central disk and extending in the air gap on both sides of the central
disk in the direction of the axle and rotating relative to the connected
disks.
The advantages of this arrangement are in the relatively
small diameter with a relatively large axial dimension of the machine
and the axial approach of the winding heads of each air-core coil on both
sides. The active portion of conductor within the air-core coil is in
two disk-shaped axially magnetized air gap regions and the inactive conductor
regions are in the regions of each air-core coil near the axle and the
peripheral region. Therefore, high copper losses are present here above
all in the peripheral region because every coil side is folded twice around
a thick, doubled magnetic disk, which is preferably also equipped with
a return path core. In addition, the portions of the conductor in this
region, highly active in and of themselves due to the high peripheral
speed and significantly more effective than those in the disk-shaped air
gap region, are unused. In the utilization as a coil rotor, these unused
conductor regions even lead to centrifugal force problems due to the large
mass of conductor in the peripheral region.
Furthermore, linearly operating machines are known, as
they are illustrated for an electronically commutated coil rotor in "Small-power
Electrical Motors", Helmut Moczala, p. 218, Fig. 9.25, expert-Verlag 1993.
In these machines, the air gap exists between two long, rectangular plates
of a field device delimiting an air gap whose magnetic field penetrates
the air gap, in that the air gap extends transversely to the direction
of movement and the winding heads or inactive conductors each lie on an
outer edge of the plates.
In this case, the proportion of active to inactive conductor
within a two-pole air-core coil depends strongly on the width of the machine
transverse to the direction of movement. This machine width is, however,
strongly restricted because it would lead to unhandy machines. Therefore,
the copper utilization within an air-core coil is very unfavorable here
and the machines also take up a considerable amount of space.
The invention is based on the knowledge that these machines
and thereby, up to this point, no electrical machines apply the ideal
conditions discovered by Michael Faraday for energy conversion in the
relative motion between conductor and magnetic field in regard to quality
(orthogonality condition between the vectors of the conductor, the field,
and the speed) and quantity (maximization of the amounts of the vectors)
satisfactorily in their entirety for electrical machines with two-pole
air-core coils.
This applies above all in that, within a two-pole air-core
coil, the portion of conductor which is orthogonal to the direction of
movement with orthogonal penetration by a magnetic field is very low.
If one wishes to improve this active portion of conductor
in existing machines, this leads to impractical machine sizes and is limited
due to centrifugal force and oscillation problems.
Furthermore, the quality conditions of using the conductor
in high-speed regions and using the advantages of an axial approach of
the air-core coil are not seen in this context.
The constructive forms of existing air-core coil machines
greatly restrict the application of the ideal conditions discovered by
Faraday, which has the consequence that the inactive conductor within
a two-pole air-core coil is very large relative to the active conductor,
so that the copper losses within an air-core coil are very large.
This poor utilization in regard to quality and quantity
of copper within an air-core coil of the existing machines greatly restricts
the output and the degree of effectiveness and, depending on the application,
has a number of further problems and disadvantages as a consequence.
These are increased ohmic and inductive resistance and
increased coil mass. This leads to heat problems, to large machine volumes,
to an increased electrical time constant and starting time constant, and
thereby leads to a lower dynamic ratio for motors. The increased starting
time constant results in a slower start, which is disadvantageous both
for motors and for generators, e.g. for small wind energy plants.
If one reduces the copper losses within an air-core coil
through smaller coil and pole widths, this leads to multipoled machines
of lower pole strength, increased eddy current losses within the winding,
and, in direct current machines, to increased commutation expense, both
in mechanically and electronically commutated machines.
Due to the poor conductor utilization, a large amount
of magnetic material must be used in order to achieve a desired output,
so that the expense for magnets is very large relative to the output.
In addition, the machine masses and the machine dimensions
in the diameter, axially, or in the extension transverse to the direction
of movement increase, which is disadvantageous for many utilizations,
especially in vehicles and aircraft and in space travel. The increased
waste heat results in a limitation of the output of the machines.
Overall, the losses restrict the degree of effectiveness
of the machines, which has a particularly disadvantageous effect in uses
such as motors for battery operation (e.g. drives in vehicles such as
fork lifts, electric cars, and electric boats) and as generators for storage
in a battery (e.g. lighting dynamos in vehicles, small wind generators).
The object of the invention is therefore to make a compact,
highly effective electrical machine which also offers the advantages of
the existing machines and, in addition, provides the possibility of realizing
the ideal conditions of Faraday to a much greater degree than the known
machines. This means increasing the conductor utilization within a two-pole
air-core coil in quality and quantity in a very restricted space and thereby
achieving practical, compact machine dimensions. To express it another
way, the ratio of active to inactive conductor within a two-pole air-core
coil is to be increased in a very restricted space, so that more conductor
within an air-core coil is actively in the field, more conductor lies
orthogonally to the field, and more conductor within the field has. the
possibility of lying orthogonally to the direction of movement in a restricted
space(depending on the winding specification). In addition, in rotating
machines the axial approach of the air-core coil is to be advantageously
used, in that it has the overall effect of increasing the active portion
of conductor within an air-core coil, and the utilization of the high
peripheral speeds is to be connected with the advantages of axial approach,
and, overall, greater flexibility of the machine design in a wide spectrum
of output classes and areas of application is to be achieved and the previously
mentioned problems and disadvantages of the known machines are to be solved.
The object is to be achieved by an electrical machine
with the characteristics of patent claim 1 or 2.
The electrical machine according to the invention has
an air gap or an air gap consisting of several air gap sections, which
is essentially delimited by a field device, which consists of at least
one or more first and second bodies positioned neighboring one another
and lying opposite to one another in the air gap, with at least one of
the facing sides having magnetic poles magnetized orthogonally to the
air gap, extending essentially over the entire air gap, either as an entire
pole or divided into partial poles, alternating in the direction of movement,
and having their fields running in essentially a straight line, within
the pole surface region of each pole, from one boundary surface of the
air gap to the opposite boundary surface, which either also has magnetic
poles and/or consists at least predominantly of return path material.
Furthermore, the electrical machine has at least one two-pole air-core
coil or a winding with two-pole air-corecoils, which has no contact to
return path material, is in approximately the center of theair gap in
section transverse to the direction of movement, extends in the air gap
at a uniform distance from the first and second body, and moves relative
to the field device,and each coil side of the at least one air-core coil
thereby traverses the direction ofmovement, and is connected, at the outer
edge of the air gap, with another coil side, directly or via inactive
conductor, into at least one air-core coil. In the achievement of the
object, the air gap consists, in section transverse to the movement of
direction, of at least two neighboring air gap sections, each two of which
lie neighboring one another and, with their air gap boundary surfaces
which belong to the first body, abut one another at the joint edges thus
arising. Each coil side of the at least one air-core coil runs through
all air gap sections of the air gap, while changing its geometric shape
at each of these edges, and each coil side thereby completes a bend or
fold around the first body, and each coil side essentially runs in the
air gap. Alternatively, one can also say here that each coil side is bent
or folded at the edge during its course through the air gap, and each
coil side essentially runs in the air gap. Still another alternative here
is that the air-core coil changes its geometrical continuum at the edge
at most two times and each coil side essentially runs in the air gap,
with a geometrical continuum being a row of points connected with one
another which results in a geometrical form (e.g. straight line, circle).
In another achievement of the object, the air gap consists,
in section transverse to the direction of movement, of at least one curved
air gap section in which each coil side of the at least one air-core coil
essentially extends at least in the full length of the curve and runs
through the air gap sections of the air gap and essentially in the air
gap.
Through the course of the air gap and the direction of
the coil, in section transverse to the direction of movement, of the type
described, a space-saving alteration of direction of the air gap and the
air-core coils is achieved for the machine in which the coil sides essentially
lie in the air gap, whereby the proportion of active coil to the coil
width and/or to the inactive conductor within an air-core coil is significantly
improved, and thus within the air-core coil a very large amount of conductor
is highly effective for energy conversion within a very restricted space,
so that the magnetic and conductor material is better used. The invention
also contains entirely new machine forms.
This type of bending or folding makes possible an advantageous
axial approach of the coil sides in accordance with the ideal conditions
of Faraday.
Due to the invention, the spectrum of applications of
the electrical machines of the generic portion of the first claim is greatly
enlarged and, in addition, new ranges of output are accessible. Furthermore,
in principle, this makes possible the solution of all problems of the
description of the object.
The most important further developments of the electrical
machine discovered in the main claim and in the secondary claim are described
in the sub-claims 3 to 37, as they are in a more detailed way in the following:
In the observation of the course of the air gap, the
view in section transverse to the direction of movement is always meant
in the following.
The concept of field device refers to all parts of the
electrical machine which serve for generation, storage, conduction, and
delimitation of the magnetic field within the machine, with these being
the first and second body delimiting the air gap, the body delimiting
the air gap in the folded region of the air-core coil, the magnetic poles
applied to one side of the conductor in the folded region, which do not
have an air gap delimitation directly opposite, and connecting bodies
between the first and second body.
In addition to the preferred possibility of closing the
magnetic circle via a return path of the first and second body between
neighboring magnetic poles, there is also the possibility of closing the
magnetic circle via a connecting body predominantly made of return path
material between the pole regions of the first and second body lying opposite
in the air gap, with the axle or shaft preferably considered as the connecting
body in, for example, rotating machines. This possibility is to be considered
if neighboring magnetic poles of a first or second body are separated
from one another and, at least in the region of the pole, are designed
to be magnetically isolated from one another. This is the case if slots
which serve for conduction of coolant for cooling of the winding are inserted
between the poles. For practical purposes, the slots are slanted in the
direction ofmovement so that they simultaneously transport the coolant
as propellers.
Ferromagnetic material is preferred as the return path
material for manufacturing and cost reasons. A further development is
that the at least one curved air gap section is curved circularly. Circularly
curved air gap sections offer a very harmonic and effective field distribution.
In a further development of this, the first body is,
in section transverse to the direction of movement, a circle or a graduated
circle which is preferably a return path and the second body essentially
surrounds the first body concentrically at a uniform distance, with the
second body having a continuous slot in the direction of movement for
leading through the coil holder. The air-core coil is circularly curved
around the first body. This further development has the advantage of a
uniform field distribution over the entire air gap if the magnetic poles,
which are preferably part of the second body, are radially magnetized.
In another further development, the at least one curved
air gap section is bent asymmetrically, preferably in the shape of an
ellipse. This shape also offers a very harmonic and continuous field distribution,
together with an advantageous usage of space, for the air gap and/or this
air gap section.
If the elliptical air gap includes a main apex and two
secondary apexes, this results in a favorable drum shape for a rotating
machine, in which a large amount of conductor of a coil side lies in the
peripheral region and, simultaneously, the favorable axle approach is
achieved by the conductor in the region of both secondary apexes.
If the elliptical air gap in the ellipse shape is laid
out as flat, with a secondary apex and two main apexes, a greatly space-saving
machine form results in which, for example, in rotating machines, the
first body is, on one hand, axially narrow due to the disk shape and,
on the other hand, the energy-rich peripheral region of the air-core coil
is used in a very harmonic way and the axle approach on both sides of
the first body is thus advantageously used.
A further development is to have essentially the entire air-core coil
inside the air gap. The winding heads are thus also partially used, so
that the copper utilization of the air-core coil . improves.
In a further development, the air-core coil, in section
transverse to the direction of movement, is bent or folded around an edge
of the first body formed by the intersection of two boundary surfaces
of two straight air gap sections lying at an angle of less than 180° to
one another and each coil side runs at least in the air gap sections on
both sides of the edge. This has the advantage that the coil sides take
up less space transverse to the direction of movement, which results in
a more compact machine, and the folded region of the air-core coil is
very short, with the essential part of a coil side lying within the field.
A further development is that at least one curved air
gap section abuts with another straight neighboring air gap section at
the boundary surface belonging to the first body, forming an edge. In
this way, a large portion of conductor of each coil side lies in the air
gap, even in the transition from a curved air gap section into the neighboring
straight air gap section, and further advantageous embodiments are made
possible through the design variants.
A further development of the two preceding further developments
is that the edge of two abutting boundary surfaces which belong to the
first body and to two neighboring air gap sections is rounded off in section
transverse to the direction of movement. This promotes a uniform field
distribution and prevents, for example, the occurrence of saturation in
this type of return path region.
In a another further development, neighboring abutting
air gap sections transition directly and without a gap into one another,
so that both boundary surfaces of the air gap in this region are continuous.
A maximal penetration of each coil side by the magnetic field in the region
of the edge is thus achieved.
If a circular air gap section neighbors a straight air
gap section in this way, one thereby achieves favorable, space-saving,
and easily manufacturable shapes for the body of the field device.
These and similar favorable geometric shapes are achieved
in the further development described in claim 10. Another advantageous
variant should be mentioned here, in which a straight air gap section
transitions at one or both of its ends into a curved air gap section.
In all of these embodiments, disks or cylinders can advantageously be
used as a manufacturing basis, with these shapes also able to be easily
assembled.
A particularly economical and easy to manufacture basic
further development is described in claim 11, in which the bent and folded
portions of the conductor of each coil side are very short, due to the
very narrow, slot-shaped first body.
The edge of the slot-shaped body is preferably implemented
as rounded off in the folded region, so that a semicircular edge is formed
in section transverse to the direction of movement. This has the advantage
of a uniform field distribution in the return path, so that saturation
does not occur and the field of the magnetic poles, which are preferably
also continued in the folded region of the coil sides, also penetrates
the folded region completely or partially, and is absorbed unweakened
by the return path.
A further development is that the air gap, in section
transverse to the direction of movement, consists of several abutting
air gap sections which are straight or curved, through which each coil
side runs, and which thereby complete at least one left and one right
bend.
This has the advantage that the coil side is very long
in a narrow space, and due to this the proportion of active conductor
to inactive conductor of the air-core coil is very large. A further development
of this is that three straight air gap sections, in section transverse
to the direction of movement, run parallel to one another and each coil
side runs through all three air gap sections, in that it completes a left
bend and a right bend when it runs is very space-saving and effective.
Another further development of this is that three straight
air gap sections, in section transverse to the direction of movement,
neighbor one another, and each coil side runs through them in sequence,
with two air gap sections lying parallel to one another and the third
air gap section assuming an angle of 90° to them. For rotating motions,
this has the advantage that a large part of the conductor lies in the
high-speed peripheral region and simultaneously a winding head in the
region near the axle is very short. The bell shape hereby has mechanical
and manufacturing advantages.
A further development is that, in the folded region of
the air-core coil, magnetic poles are affixed on one side whose field
does not run in essentially a straight line from the pole surface to the
opposite boundary surface in the air gap. This utilization of the folded
region of the coil side is also advantageous, particularly when it lies
in the peripheral region of a rotating machine.
Another further development in regard to this is that
the folded or bent conductor of the coil side in the folded region is
also penetrated by the field, which essentially runs in a straight line.
This is advantageous because one thereby achieves the maximum energy conversion,
depending on the quality of the field penetration of the conductor.
A further development is that, in section transverse
to the direction of movement, at least two neighboring air gap sections
of the air gap have, in their boundary surfaces belonging to the first
body and abutting one another, magnetic partial poles which, outward over
the joint edge, form a joint, continuous pole which is magnetized orthogonally
to its air gap boundary surface. This has the advantage that a folded
region of the coil sides in the region of the edge of the abutting boundary
surfaces is also penetrated by the field in an easily producible way and
the magnetic poles of the first body have a larger area and are thereby
higher power.
A space-saving and easily producible embodiment of the
preceding further development is that, in section transverse to the direction
of movement, the at least three air gap sections have magnetic poles in
the boundary surfaces of the first body, which are each connected via
edges into one magnetic pole, which thus extends over at least the three
air gap sections, is magnetized orthogonally to its air gap boundary surface,
and is preferably affixed, in section transverse to the direction of movement,
around a slot-shaped return path body which forms the core of the first
body.
An advantageous embodiment is indicated in patent claim
17. The further development according to patent claim 17 allows flexible
machine design in which the machine dimensions and the size of the poles
used can be tailored to the requirements.
An advantageous embodiment is indicated in patent claim
18. The further development according to patent claim 18 allows a compact
machine design and the use of large, easily producible high-power poles,
which do not belong to the first body, in the connecting air gap sections,
and is a basic variant for the embodiment for many further developments.
A further development is that, in section transverse
to the direction of movement, the second body is wrapped at least partially
around the folded region or a curved conductor region of the air-core
coil, following the course of the coil at a uniform distance, and thereby
also forms a field device delimiting the air gap in this region. This
allows an optimum penetration of the conductor with magnetic field, with,
if the second body has magnetic poles, the pole surfaces enlarged around
the enclosed region, so that the machine is also significantly higher
power overall.
Another further development is that, in section transverse
to the direction of movement, at least one second body is bent or folded
around the air-core coil in the edge region of the first body, and is
connected with a return path flat band, which delimits the air-core coil
on one side at least in this coil region, at the outer edge which runs
in the direction of movement.
In one embodiment of this, the return path flat band
carries magnetic poles on the side toward the air gap, which are preferably
magnetized in the direction of the edge or the return path of the first
body. This further development has the advantage that the coil region
in the region of the edge of the first body is also used in an economical
and easily producible way and, in addition, in another embodiment, the
return path flat band also borders an adjoining further air gap section
on one side, which has an application in connection with claim 18, e.g.
in Fig. 4.
A further development is that several machines border
one another, are securely connected to one another, and thereby use a
joint second body of the field device, whereby, in section transverse
to the direction of movement, in an embodiment with a jointly used return
path, a total of one return path is saved, and, in another embodiment,
the joint second body is a permanent magnetic body, with each of the bordering
machines using one of the two poles, which saves a total of one magnetic
pole and one return path.
As a rule, the first and second body are securely connected
to one another and move uniformly with one another, with one exception,
in which they are only magnetically coupled, so that irregularities can
sometimes occur. This is an advantageous further development in, for example,
drum-shaped first and second bodies.
A further development is that the movement runs linearly.
A further development is that the movement is rotational
relative to an axle or shaft.
Further developments are that the invention operates
as a synchronous machine with rotary current, or with alternating current,
or with mechanically or electronically commutated direct current.
In a further development, the winding made of air-core
coils is implemented as a traveling field winding.
Further developments are that the magnetic poles of the
energizing field are permanently magnetic in one distinctive form and
are electromagnetic in another form.
The electrical machine according to the invention transforms
electrical energy into mechanical energy (motor) and/or mechanical energy
into electrical energy (generator).
A further development works as a coil rotor, in another
further development, the field device is the rotor.
An embodiment is indicated in patent claim 23. The further
development of patent claim 23 allows a support of the air-core coil which
provides it with stability in the air gap, but is also journaled in such
a way that as much of the conductor of the coil sides as possible is ideally
penetrated by the field.
Further embodiments are indicated in patent claim 24.
The further development in patent claim 24 allows the coil sides to lie
completely in the air gap and the coil support to be affixed in an area
of the conductor of the air-core coil inactive for energy conversion.
Further embodiments are indicated in patent claim 25. The further developments
in patent claim 25 allow the use of the highly effective coil utilization
for various applications.
A further development is that, in rotating machines which
have air gap sections approaching the axle or shaft, the air-core coil,
viewed axially, generally runs in a V-shape. Corresponding to this generally
V-shaped course and depending on the winding scheme, the magnetic poles
in this region, seen axially, are also segmented, run to a point in the
region nearest the axle, and are thereby implemented at intervals from
one another or segmented and closely packed. This further development
allows a reduction of the inactive conductor or winding heads.
A further development is that the coil sides run essentially
orthogonally to the direction of movement, because this allows the maximum
conversion of energy. For rotating machines, this means that the axle
or shaft has approaching air gap sections and folded regions of the air-core
coils which do not lie orthogonally to the axle, and the coil sides, which
are the legs of the V, essentially run in a radial projection. If the
air gap section runs orthogonally to the axle, the coil sides in this
region run radially. In the peripheral region, the coil sides preferably
run axially.
A further development is that, in addition to the ideal
orthogonal course of the coil sides, the invention also comprises slanted,
bent, or preferably involute courses of the coil sides to the direction
of movement, which are used in rotating mechanically commutated motors,
above all with none or only one air gap section approaching the axle,
and this invention means a significant improvement of the copper utilization
for these winding schemes as well. However, it is advantageous for the
coil sides to have in their essential parts an angle of not less than
30° to the direction of movement, because otherwise the active portion
of the conductor is too small. For most further developments, winding
schemes which have an essentially orthogonal course of the coil sides
to the direction of movement are advantageous.
A further development is that the generally V-shaped
coil sections are part of a two-layered direct current winding whose coil
sides run radially in the conductor region far from the axle and preferably
run involute or slanted to the direction of movement in the conductor
region close to the axle, with the coil legs of the V of an air-core coil
belonging to different layers. On one hand, this has the advantage that
a large number of closely packed coil sides use the air gap area well,
and the air gap also contains the conductor regions closest to the axle,
whose active portion can thus also be used. This type of winding is a
highly effective positioning motor, e.g. when it is connected with the
shaft.
In a further development, the generally, when viewed
axially, V-shaped coil parts of the at least one air-core coil are, in
an air gap section approaching the axle or in projection, congruent with
the V-shaped coil parts of an opposing air gap section of the same closed
air-core coil. This type of symmetrical design simplifies production and
causes a balanced voltage and power distribution in the air-core coil.
A further development is that the coil sides are connected
with one another according to the principle of wave winding and thereby
include n = 3+2m poles, with m being a whole number (m = 0,1,2,3...) and
the winding only enclosing a part of the first body in the direction of
movement. This layout is advantageous above all in rotating machines,
because the partial windings can be produced and assembled more easily,
with at least two such partial windings, assembled around the first body,
providing a whole winding.
A further development is that the area of the air-core
coil in the air gap or in the air gap section approximately corresponds
to the area of the magnetic pole lying opposite to it. This allows maximum
energy conversion in, for example, operation as a generator.
In a further development, the coil sections, which are
generally V-shaped when viewed axially, are distributed close to one another
around the periphery of the first body, with neighboring air-core coils
belonging to different winding phases and/or having a different winding
direction. The entire air gap area is thereby advantageously covered with
air-core coils and magnetic poles.
In a further development of this, the air-core coils
lying next one another belong to an electronic motor in which six closed
air-core coils are interconnected into three phases, and in each air gap
section, eight poles lie opposite to the air-core coil on at least one
side and electronic sensors are inserted in the coil region to determine
the rotor position for electronic control. The motor is preferably implemented
with two coil layers which are twisted relative to one another in the
direction of movement. This is a highly effective, current-saving drive
motor with very low wow and flutter for, e.g., cassette recorders, record
players, or disk drives.
In another further development, the coil parts, which
are generally V-shaped viewed axially, of at least one air gap section
approaching the axle are positioned overlapping one another, with the
region near the axle preferably implemented as multilayered and the field
region preferably implemented as single or double layered. The air gap
area is thus covered by several coil sides, without increasing the air
gap width or the short winding head conductor or inactive conductor lying
in the energy-weak region near the axle.
In a further development of this, the closed air-core
coils, with several windings within a two-layered direct current winding
over the periphery of the first body, are twisted, distributed, and preferably
interconnected via a commutator by one commutator pitch after each turn.
In the axial region, the winding overlaps in multiple layers, so that
this coil region is left out of the field region. This is a highly effective
positioning, servo, and stepping motor, which achieves the highest accelerations
at the highest torques and the lowest wow and flutter as a coil rotor.
A further development is that, in the air gap section
approaching the axle or shaft, viewed axially, at least one air-core coil
is implemented as a diametral winding, with it being advantageous to apply
at least one further diametral winding, e.g. twisted 90°, to it and to
overlap them near the axle. This is a particularly economically producible
motor with easily producible air-core coils which, with comparatively
typical diametral windings, has a high conductor utilization, a high efficiency,
and a high torque, and which can also be used with space-saving disk design
for very small drives, such as for clocks.
A further development is that the at least one air-core
coil is connected with an axle or shaft, e.g. in an implementation as
a coil rotor.
In an embodiment of this, the axle is implemented as
a hollow axle, and is advantageous in, e.g., a coil support implementation
as in a bicycle hub dynamo.
A further development is that the second body of an air
gap section approaching the axle is, viewed axially, implemented as a
ring whose inner edge is at a distance from the axle or shaft to lead
through the coil support. The energy-rich peripheral region of the air-core
coil can thus also be used, with the energy-poor region near the axle,
having the winding head or the conductor lying in the direction of movement,
serving for coil support.
A further development is that the at least one air-core
coil is implemented as a direct current winding which is commutated via
a collector or directly on the winding, so that the advantages of high
coil utilization and compact design also expands the field of use of these
machines with this type of winding.
A further development is that magnetic poles are affixed
on both sides in the air gap or at least in one air gap section. This
has the advantage of a stronger field in the air gap or in the air gap
section.
An advantageous embodiment is indicated in patent claim
28. The further development according to patent claim 28 has the advantage
that nearly the entire lengths of the coil sides lie in the air gap, because
the folded conductors are very short. Further advantages are a large torque
with a relatively small diameter and a very narrow axial design.
In a further development of this, the field device comprises
three circular disks, of which the first disk is a thin return path disk
of uniform thickness, and the magnetic poles of the second body extend
radially and are axially magnetized. The three disks are securely connected
with the axle or shaft. The shaft or axle is rotatably journaled in a
housing which surrounds the field device, with at least one air-core coil
connected in its peripheral region via a support with the housing. This
further development has the advantage of a particularly short axial length
and, in addition, is simple and economical to produce.
In an embodiment of the two preceding further developments,
the conductor in the peripheral region is also at least. partially surrounded
along its length, in section transverse to the direction of movement,
by a field device, and thereby penetrated by the field. Various further
developments of this are described in the patent claims l 5, l 9, and
21, and illustrated in the figures 3/9. This embodiment results in a further
increase of the coil utilization and thereby a further improvement of
the machine properties.
An advantageous further development is indicated in patent
claim 29. In a further development according to patent claim 29, as it
is illustrated in, for example, Fig. 14, the advantages are an increased
performance and a greater torque in comparison to the machine with a simple
return path disk as the first body.
A further development of this, as illustrated in Fig.
8, is that the field device, which at least partially encloses the conductor
in the folded region and peripheral region of the air-core coil along
its length., is designed in such a way that the magnetic poles on the
first disk-shaped body are wrapped around the outer edge of the internal
slot-shaped return path body of the first body and thereby are preferably
correspondingly magnetized to the bending radius of the air-core coil
in the folded region. The expenditure for magnets necessary to penetrate
the peripheral region of the air-core coil is hereby low, which additionally
advantageously leads to large-area poles of the first body, which extend
over both air gap sections, and the effectiveness is thus very high.
Another further development of this, as illustrated in
Fig. 4, is that the field device, which at least partially encloses the
conductor in the folded region and peripheral region of the air-core coil
along its length' is connected in this region with the outer edge, lying
in the direction of movement, of, the slot-shaped return path body of
the first body with a narrow return path flat band lying in the direction
of movement, which is preferably flat or semicircular in section transverse
to the direction of movement and is a ring-shaped body when viewed axially,
whose width approximately corresponds to the width of the first body in
the direction of magnetization, with the return path flat band affixed
at a distance from the faces of the magnetic poles of the first body and
further magnetic poles affixed in the air gap in the part of the field
layout lying radially opposite to thereturn path flat band.
In an embodiment of this, the first disk-shaped body
has magnetic poles on both faces, with the return path flat band connected
approximately in the center with the return path body of the first body.
In another embodiment of this, the first disk-shaped
body has magnetic poles on one side, with the return path band connected
at its outer edges with the return path body of the first body.
The advantage of the further development and its embodiments
is that the machine is relatively narrow, with, however, the conductor
region in the peripheral region penetrated by the field so long and effective
that the machine has a large output and a large torque. The magnetic poles
in the peripheral region are relatively large, becausethey lie outside
the air-core coil, which also increases the output.
A further development of this is that at least a second
disk-shaped body uniformly follows the coil course in the folded region
at a distance, as in, e.g., Figs. 8/9. This has the advantage of large
pole areas, shortening of the air gap, uniform field distribution, and
straight field lines.
A further development is that at least one second disk-shaped
body is connected with a return path flat band, which, for rotating machines,
is a return path ring when viewed axially, externally bordering the folded
region. This is a simple and economical solution for the design of the
return path in the folded and peripheral region of the air-core coil,
preferably for opposing first bodies whose poles are wrapped around the
outer edges.
A further development of this is that the return path
flat band has magnetic poles on the side toward the air gap which extend
transverse to the direction of movement, alternate in the direction of
movement, and preferably are magnetized in the direction of the folded
edge of the first disk-shaped body, with the folded edge of the first
body forming a return path, as illustrated in figures 31415, or having
magnetic poles wrapped around it. These magnetic poles of the return path
flat band are advantageously easy to produce.
In a further development, the disk-shaped bodies are
three circular disks which are essentially uniformly fixed in the air
gap region, and by means of which the second bodies in the peripheral
region, in section transverse to the direction of movement, are connected
with another, preferably by a return path flat band, which is a ring-shaped
body when viewed axially and has magnetic poles on its inside, and the
first body is connected with a second body in the axle region, preferably
by a flat band which is a ring-shaped body when viewed axially, with the
air gap winding preferably implemented as a direct current winding which
is either commutated via a collector or directly on the winding, and the
partial coil of an air gap section connected with the shaft, or the air
gap winding connected with a partial coil with a hollow axle for passing
through the conductor, with the axle or shaft preferably led through on
one side out of the air gap region, whereby the air-core coils and the
axle or shaft can be supported axially opposite to one another.
This further development offers the advantage that the
coil support is applied in the winding head region and each coil side
can thereby be completely penetrated by the field. This can be advantageously
used as a mechanically commutated coil rotor or magnetic rotor with a
hollow axle, e.g. as a bicycle hub dynamo. In a further development of
this, the peripheral region is partially used as described earlier.
In a further development of this, the air gap winding
is not connected with the axle or shaft, but rather its coil support in
the region near the axle is led through axially out of the air gap region
between the shaft or axle and a second disk-shaped body, which is a disk
ring, as illustrated in Fig. 5. In one embodiment, the axle or shaft is
led out of the
air gap region on one side, as illustrated in Fig. l
8. This has the advantage that the axle or shaft is led out on one side
from the disk region, so that the axially opposite region of the axle
or shaft serves for leading the coil support out of the air gap region,
which is affixed to the inactive conductor or winding heads near the axle,
so that the air-core coil can be optimally used and this is in connection
with an economical and easily producible field assembly.
In another further development, as illustrated in figs.
6/7, two machines, each with three disk-shaped bodies, are coaxially assembled
into one machine at a distance from one another for a total of five disk-shaped
bodies on a joint axle or shaft, with the central disk-shaped body serving
both windings of the original machines. The advantage of this combination
is that one saves either one return path or one tier of magnetic poles
and one return path, depending on how the original machines are designed
in regard to pole distribution.
The particular advantages of the further development
of the invention with disk-shaped first and second bodies lie in the flexibility
in machine design, low mass, low moment of inertia, small axial length
with relatively small diameter, extraordinarily high efficiency, low electrical
and starting time constants, large torque, linear characteristics, low
ohmic resistance, good self-cooling, and high electromagnetic compatibility.
The machine is thus particularly suitable as a server
motor, stepping motor, positioning motor, drive motor for vehicles, particularly
battery-operated or hybrid drives, and as a light dynamo for vehicles,
e.g. in cars or bicycle hubs, and as a generator, e.g. for small wind
power plants.
Another advantageous embodiment is indicated in patent
claim 30. The further development in patent claim 30 allows very long
coil sides in the air gap with a relatively short axial length of the
machine, with the coil sides predominantly lying in the energy-rich peripheral
region, but the axial approach, with its shortening effect on the winding
heads and inactive conductor, also used. In addition, a uniform field
distribution is achieved in curved air gap courses.
An advantageous embodiment is indicated in patent claim
32. The further development in patent claim 32 allows maximum utilization
of the high peripheral speeds, depending on the overall axial-length,
while ~simultaneously shortening the inactive conductor near the axle.
In a further development of the two preceding further
developments, the circular cylinders are securely attached to the shaft
or axle and the second drum-shaped body has a continuous slot along its
shell surface for leading through the coil support, with the slot preferably
dividing the second body approximately in its center in the axial direction
or running in a folded region of the air-core coil. This has the advantage
of stabilizing the air-core coil in the air gap, so that long coil sides
can be used. For bell-shaped windings, this coil support is preferably
affixed in the folded region, because it thus stabilizes both coil parts
well on both sides of the folded region. This support, in which the external
second hollow cylinder is interrupted along the length of the air gap
by the slot, is preferably used for inner poles, because in this case,
only there can large continuous pole surfaces of one polarity be realized.
In another further development of the three preceding
developments, the first and second drum-shaped bodies are journaled on
the axle or shaft, with the first body, in section transverse to the direction
of movement, surrounded by the at least one air-core coil, which is connected
on both sides in its regions near the axle with the axle or shaft, and
with the first and second bodies not securely, but rather magnetically,
connected with one another.
This offers the advantage of complete penetration of
the air-core coil with magnetic field and a support in both inactive conductor
regions or winding heads, so that long axial coil sides and therefore
outputs can be achieved. For use as a coil rotor, the coil is hereby connected
with the shaft, with slip contacts preferably supported near the axle
by the second body connected directly with the air-core coil or with a
collector.
For use as a magnetic rotor, as illustrated in Figs.
24/25, the coil conductor is led outward through a hollow axle.
In another further development, the air gap sections
on the face, which preferably run orthogonal to the axle, of the preceding
three further developments and their embodiment, as indicated in patent
claim 33, are replaced, in section transverse to the direction of movement,
by slanted and/or curved, particularly circular, air gap sections. These
further developments offer uniform field distribution and location-of
the coil sides either completely in the air gap, in the region of the
edge of the first body, or an only briefly bent conductor in the edge
region, which runs outside the air gap.
An advantageous embodiment is indicated in patent claim
3l. The further development in patent claim 3 l allows economical, easy
to assemble implementation.
In a further development of this, the first drum-shaped
body has the shape of a full orhollow circular cylinder and the second
drum-shaped body has the shape of a hollow circular cylinder, with the
first drum-shaped body only having a face delimiting the air gap on one
side, and the at least one air-core coil attached at its region near the
axle with the shaft, with the circular cylinders securely attached to
one another at their peripheral regions on their faces free from the air
gap, and the winding provided with a mechanical commutation. This is a
highly effective, easy to assemble, bell-shaped coil rotor.
In an embodiment of this, the shaft is only implemented on one side from
the air gap section on the face, as illustrated in Figs. 22/23, which
has the advantage of applying the slip contacts to the axle axially opposite
in the region of low speed and wear.
In another further development, the air gap section on
the face, which preferably runs orthogonally to the axle, of the preceding
further development, as indicated in patent claim 33, is replaced by a
course of the air gap section which, in section transverse to the direction
of movement, is slanted and/or curved, particularly circular. These further
developments offer a uniform field distribution and location of the coil!
sides either completely in the air gap, in the region of the edge of the
first body, or an only briefly bent conductor in the edge region, which
runs outside the air gap.
In a further development, the magnetic poles belong to
the shell surface and face of the first drum-shaped body and are implemented
as rounded off in the edge region and correspondingly magnetize the fold
radius of the conductor in the edge region.
In another further development of the preceding drum-shaped
further developments, the magnetic poles in the shell region belong to
the at least one first drum-shaped body and, in the face region, to the
second drum-shaped body, with a return path, lying opposite to the magnetic
poles in the face region, which belongs to the first body and extends
over the complete diameter of the first body and to which the face of
the magnetic pole on the shell side of the first body is affixed at a
distance along the axle.
In another further development, the magnetic poles on
the shell side belong to the second body and the magnetic poles on the
face belong to the first body.
These mixed forms of inner and outer poles in the air
gap have advantages in tailoring to the necessary machine dimensions,
output, and costs, and offer almost complete penetration of the air-core
coil with magnetic field.
An advantageous embodiment is indicated in patent claim
34. The further development in patent claim 34 allows a short axial length
of the machine with, in the region of high speeds, long coil sides, which
are preferably supported in the winding head or folded region.
A further development of this, illustrated in Figs. 27/28,
is that three cylindrical bodies, in section transverse to the direction
of movement, delimit two air gap sections through which each coil side
of the at least one air-core coil runs and the magnetic poles belong to
the respective second hollow cylindrical body and the first hollow cylindrical
body is a return path. The advantage here is the simple design of the
machine and the short folded or bent region of the coil sides in the region
of the edge of the first body.
In another further development of this, as, for example,
in Figs. 31/32, the magnetic poles belong to the second hollow cylindrical
body near the axle and to the first hollow cylindrical body, with each
of these bordering the air gap section on the inside and also the faces
of two cylinders bordering an air gap section on one side through which
each coil side runs.
This has the advantage that little magnet mass lies in
the peripheral region because permanent magnets are used.
A further development is that, as illustrated in Figs.
29/30, four cylindrical bodies, of which at least three are hollow cylinders,
in section transverse to the direction of movement, delimit three air-gap
sections between their shell sides, through which each coil side of the
at least one air-core coil runs and thereby contains a bend and/or fold
with a left and right curve. This has the advantage of long coil sides
and thereby better copper utilization with relatively short axial length
of the machine.
In a further development, the coil sides run axially
in the hollow cylindrical air gap section. This is the conductor utilization
in this region which is qualitatively highest.
In another further development, the coil sides run in
the hollow cylindrical air gap at a slant to the direction of movement
and essentially in a zigzag shape, according to known winding schemes
for mechanically commutated direct current machines, through the air gap
sections, in order to make a new staggered convolution after every convolution
around the periphery, etc. The magnetic poles are thereby rhomboidal,
with their points lying toward one another around the periphery, preferably
distributed in-sections on the air gap sections. This further development
has the advantage that the air-core coil has a high mechanical strength,
if it is designed as a self-supporting winding, which also includes simple
production. This is particularly advantageous for air-core coils which
extend between hollow cylindrical first and second bodies in air gap sections
only on he shell side or also in combination with an air gap section approaching
the axle or also in a drum-shaped air gap section bent in section transverse
to the direction of movement.
In another further development, the field device, in
the shape of three cylindrical bodies and at least one disk-shaped body
axially separated from them, are located coaxially and separated from
one another in the radial direction on the axle or shaft, forming the
field device and with at least the two external cylindrical bodies being
hollow cylinders, with each of the first cylindrical body and the second
cylindrical body, in section transverse to the direction of movement,
delimiting a narrow rectangular air gap section whose long sides run parallel
to the axle and parallel to one another, and at least one of the shell
sides of the first and second cylindrical bodies facing one another provided
with axially extending magnetic poles, with a radial direction of magnetization,
which alternate around the periphery, and a face of the cylindrical body,
which is advantageously the face of the central hollow cylindrical body,
near the axle and the disk-shaped body lying axially displaced from it
delimiting, in section transverse to the direction of movement, a further
narrow rectangular air gap section approaching the axle, and at least
one of the faces of the cylindrical body near the axle and the disk-shaped
body facing one another containing magnetic poles which extend radially
and are axially magnetized, with each coil side of the at least one air-core
coil running through all three air gap sections, and, in section transverse
to the direction of movement, thereby completing a bend and/or fold with
one left bend and one right bend, and the field device rotatable relative
to the at least one air-core coil.
The advantage here is that a majority of the coil side
lies in the energy-rich peripheral region and a winding head or inactive
coil region near the axle is very short. In addition, the machine is very
short axially and has high output and high torque. In a further development
of this, further magnetic poles with an axial direction of magnetization
are applied to a further disk-shaped return path in the folded region
of the air-core coil, with this disk-shaped field device preferably forming
the face of the outer hollow cylinder, and lying coaxially to the shaft
or axle with the remaining field device, and securely attached with the
remaining field device.
An advantageous embodiment is indicated in patent claim
35. The further development in patent claim 35 allows a linear machine
with a winding having two-pole air-core coils with good copper utilization
within each air-core coil and a space-saving compact design.
An advantageous embodiment is indicated in patent claim
36. The further development in patent claim 36 allows a short bent or
folded region of the coil sides, so that very little conductor in the
edge region of the first body lies outside the air gap and the machine
is very narrow in the direction of magnetization of the magnetic poles.
A further development of this is that the field device
consists of three long, plate-shaped bodies which are connected at both
of their long edges via a connection body, which is preferably a fiat
band, and the air-core coils of the winding preferably run congruently
in the parallel air gap sections, with the coil sides preferably lying
orthogonal to the long sides. This is a simple, particularly compact,
easy to assemble machine, with the air-core coils supported in the bend
or folded conductor region, preferably orthogonal to the air gap surface,
so that the folded region can preferably also be extensively delimited
by a field device.
Another further development of this is that the field
device consists of three long, plate-shaped bodies, with the two second
plates connected to one another at one of their two long edges and the
first plate securely connected with a second plate at the opposing long
edges, each via a connection body which is preferably a return path flat
band, and the air-core coils of the winding running congruently in the
parallel air gap sections, with the coil sides preferably lying orthogonal
to the long side. This further development has the advantage that the
bent or folded conductor can also be penetrated by the field and that
the coil support is affixed to an inactive conductor region or to the
winding head, and the design is also suitable for field devices which
are very long in the direction of movement.
Another further development of this is that the field
device consists of three plate-shaped bodies, with the plate-shaped bodies
connected with one another on their short sides via a connection body
and the air-core coils of the winding in the parallel air gap sections
preferably congruent, with the coil sides preferably running orthogonal
to the long side. This is a simple achievement of the design suitable
for field devices which are short in the direction of movement and offering
the possibility of penetrating the air-core coil with field lines in the
folded region as well, with additional magnetic poles in this region.
The coil support can also alternatively be applied in the inactive conductor
region or in the folded region, depending on the application, and the
design is easy to assemble.
Another further development of the three preceding further
developments is that, in the folded region of the air-core coil, magnetic
poles are affixed whose carrier is a magnetic return path flat band which
is preferably securely connected with at least one second plate at one
of their long sides.
In combination with one of the four preceding further
developments, the conductor bent or folded is used in this way in the
region of the edge of the first body, which increases the copper utilization.
Another further development as a linear machine is that
the at least one air-core coil is bent or folded around a first body which,
in section transverse to the direction of movement, is essentially a circle,
a triangle, a rectangle, or a square, with each coil side bent around
the first body or around one or more edges of the first body, forming
each corner of the polygonal cross-section of the first body, and hereby
running at least through one bent or two neighboring straight air gap
sections.
The advantages of these further developments are that
each coil side is long in a narrow space. In a use with an air-core coil
traveling field winding, in which the air-core coils form the long stator
and the field device forms a short rotor, such a design brings a magnetic
cushion both for support of the rotor and for its lateral stabilization,
if it moves freely. In this way, extra coils for lateral stabilization
are saved by the coil design.
In the field of air-core coil machines and their classical
applications, the electrical machine according to the invention is a great
developmental step in the electrical and mechanical field. It is particularly
suitable for small to medium outputs.
The machine according to the invention is an outstanding
drive motor for vehicles, particularly for battery-operated vehicles (cars,
fork lifts, boats, bicycles, wheelchairs). The extraordinarily high effciency,
the low rotational and translational mass, the high starting and braking
torque, and the rapid and exact adjustability, combined with compact and
simple implementation, all speak for this invention.
Furthermore, the machine according to the invention is
ideally used, in the form of the coil rotor, as an outstanding servo and
stepping motor, both in linear and rotating designs. The reason for this
lies in the low rotor mass, the low inactivity, and the low ohmic resistance.
Because the copper is utilized in an optimal way, this
leads, in connection with the linear voltage/speed characteristic, to
machines with outstanding adjustability and the highest dynamic ratios.
Also, due to the low wow and flutter, the invention is
very suitable as a drive motor in disk drives, video recorders, and tape
recorders.
A further area of use is as a generator. The first indication
for this use is the linear voltage/speed characteristic, which has the
consequence of that the voltage can increase proportionally with the speed
largely unlimitedly, which allows a high energy conversion even in high
speed ranges, and is of great use for regulated storage in a battery.
The high utilization of the winding results in a very high efficiency
and, due to the low internal resistance, allows a high power withdrawal.
In connection with the compact construction, this allows the invention
the utilization of air-core coil generators in new areas of use, such
as hub dynamos in bicycles. In this usage, the generator can, due to the
extremely low no-load operation losses, always rotate, and can be switched
on and off electrically, and is, as a permanent magnet rotor, free from
wear and maintenance. The invention is also of great value when used in
small wind generators.
In addition to the advantages mentioned, the good starting
and run-up characteristics should be noted in this connection.
The machine according to the invention is ideally suited
for a high output vehicle light dynamo. A powerful light dynamo is needed
which takes into consideration the increased performance requirements
due to ever more electrical consumers in vehicles, and simultaneously
significantly improves efficiency relative to the current claw pole rotors.
The low translational and rotational masses are also advantageous in this
case.
Embodiments of the invention are described in the following
with reference to drawings. These show
Fig. 1 a cross-section through a further development,
Fig. 2 the section along the line I-I in Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 a schematic cross-section through a 2nd further development,
Fig. 4 a schematic cross-section through a 3rd further development,
Fig. 5 a schematic cross-section through a 4th further development,
Fig. 6 a schematic cross-section through a 5th further development,
Fig. 7 a schematic cross-section through a 6th further development,
Fig. 8 a schematic cross-section through a 7th further development,
Fig. 9 a schematic -cross-section through an 8th further development,
Fig. 10 a schematic cross-section through a 9th further development,
Fig. 11 a section along the line II-II in Fig. 10,
Fig. 12 a schematic cross-section through a tenth further development,
Fig. 13 a section along the line III-III in Fig. 12,
Fig. 14 a schematic cross-section through an 11th further development,
Fig. 15 a section along a line IV-IV in Fig. 14,
Fig. 16 a top view of a disk with a partial coil lying in front of
it in another further development,
Fig. 17 a 12th further development in a section along the line I-I
in Fig. 1,
Fig. 18 a schematic cross-section through a 13th further development,
Fig. 19 a section along the line V-V in Fig. 17,
Fig. 20 a schematic cross-section through a 14th further development,
Fig. 21 a top view of a disk ring with an air-core coil according
to Fig. 20,
Fig. 22 a schematic cross-section through a 15th further development,
Fig. 23 a section along the line VI-VI in Fig. 22,
Fig. 24 a schematic cross-section through a 16th further development,
Fig. 25 a section along the line VII-VII in Fig. 24 and along the
line VIII-VIII in
Fig. 26,
Fig. 26 a schematic cross-section through a 17th further development,
Fig. 27 a schematic cross-section through an 18th further development,
Fig. 28 a section along the line IX-IX in Fig. 27,
Fig. 29 a schematic cross-section through a 19th further development,
Fig. 30 a section along the line X-X in Fig. 29,
Fig. 31 a schematic cross-section through a 20th further development,
Fig. 32 a section along the line XI-XI in Fig. 31,
Fig. 33 a schematic cross-section along the line XII-XII to of Fig.
34 through a 215t further development,
Fig. 34 a section along the line XII-XII in Fig. 33,
Fig. 35 a section along the line XIV-XIV in Fig. 34,
Fig. 36 a section along the line XV-XV of Fig. 37 through a 22nd further
development,
Fig. 37 a section along the line XVI-XVI of Fig. 36,
Fig. 38 a section along the line XVII-XVII of Fig. 36,
Figs. 39 to 41 enlarged details in the region of the folded edge of the
air-core coil.
The same components have the same reference numbers in
all figures.
Figures
The figures show various further development of the design of the field
layout and the air-core coil and/or winding and their relationship to one
another, as well as their utilization.
The magnetic poles are, as much as possible, depicted
as permanent magnets for the sake of simplicity. For reasons of clarity
and saving space, the permanent magnets are implemented as very narrow
(in the direction of magnetization), so that the magnets must be up to
two to three times as thick depending on which magnetic material, which
power class, and which application it is.
In the figures which do not yet relate to a concrete
application, but illustrate a general further development, the connection
of the air-core coil or the field device to the axle or shaft or the housing
can be changed. This also applies for determining which is the rotor and
which is the stator and whether it is an axle or shaft and will be determined
in detail according to the requirements of the utilization.
The first body is the body which forms at least the boundary
surface or the boundary surfaces around which the coil sides of the at
least one air-core coil are bent or folded. If the coil sides make a right
and a left bend in their course, the assignment of the title for the first
and second body is dependent on which bend or fold is considered.
Fig. 1 shows an electrical machine in axial section.
A first disk-shaped body 6 forms a narrow return path disk of uniform
thickness. A second disk-shaped body 7 consists of two disks which each
consist of a magnetic disk backed with a return path disk. The disk-shaped
bodies are securely attached to a shaft 1 journaled in 13 and move uniformly
relative to the housing 2 and the coil 3 connected with it. The air-core
coils 3 are folded at 20 around an edge 10 of the first disk-shaped body
6, with the coil sides running in the respective air gap section 4', 4"
between the first and the second disk-shaped body up to near the axle.
The air-core coils are radially connected with the housing in the bent
region 20. A characteristic here is that the periphery of the second disk-shaped
body 7 corresponds to the periphery of the air-core coil, so that the
conductor 20 in the folded region 18 of the air-core coil is also partially
penetrated by the field.
Fig. 2 shows an electrical machine from Fig. 1 in radial
section. Magnetic poles 27 are implemented as permanent magnets in the
shape of segments of a circle, which are alternately distributed lying
close to one another around the return path surface and belong to the
disk-shaped second body 7. One coil width 14 corresponds here to the pole
width 12. The V-shaped air-core coils, whose coil sides run slightly displaced
from the radius, are segmented, and are positioned close to one another
and opposite to the magnet segments in the air gap.
Fig. 3 shows an electrical machine in axial section.
The characteristic of this machine relative to that of Fig. 1 is that
the conductor at 20 in the folded region 18 is penetrated by the field
to a higher degree than in Fig. 1 due to additional measures. For this
purpose, a disk-shaped body 7 is wrapped around the periphery of the air-core
coil 3 with a return path ring 5, which is ring-shaped when viewed axially,
and the inner surface delimiting the air gap is formed by axially aligned
permanent magnetic poles 27. The outer edge 10 of the first disk-shaped
body is semicircular in axial section. A coil support 21 is implemented
axially and connected through a slot in the second body in a folded region
of the coil sides with the peripheral region of the air-core coil 3. This
allows a large copper utilization.
Fig. 4 shows an alteration of the electrical machine
from Fig. 3 in axial section. The characteristic here is that in the disk-shaped
air gap region, the magnetic poles belong to the first disk-shaped body
6, and the peripheral region and part of the folded region of the air-core
coil are used simultaneously. In order to allow this, the return path
disk of the first disk-shaped body is securely connected at its peripheral
region with a return path ring 9, which is narrow when viewed in radial
section, whose axial width corresponds to that of the first disk-shaped
body and which is centrally connected with the outer edge of the return
path core 19 of the first disk-shaped body 6, without magnetically short-circuiting
the faces of its permanent magnets. The peripheral region of this return
path ring 9 is rounded off at the outer edges toward the air gap. As in
Fig. 3, a field device 5, which is ring-shaped when viewed axially and
whose inner surface, which delimits the air gap, is formed by axially
aligned permanent magnets, lies opposite to it. A further characteristic
here is that magnetic poles delimit both sides of each air gap section
in the disk-shaped air gap sections.
Fig. 5 shows an alteration of the electrical machine
from Fig. 3 whose first disk-shaped body 6 is a return path disk. The
characteristic here is that the second field device 7 completely surrounds
the first disk-shaped body 6 with a ring-shaped carrier 5, so that one
single closed air gap results, with the surfaces of the external field
device delimiting the air gap delimited by permanent magnets 27 both in
the disk-shaped part and in the ring-shaped part of the air gap. A further
feature here is that the coil support 21 is securely axially connected
with the air-core coil and/or winding at a region of the conductor inactive
in energy conversion and is led out of the air gap region. An assumption
for this is that the one second disk-shaped body is a disk ring 16.
Fig. 6 shows a further development of the electrical
machine which is assembled from two machines, each with three disks, on
a joint shaft 1 in such a way that two second field devices 7 between
the air-core coils are combined into one joint device. The joint second
field device is a magnetic disk 23 which is axially magnetized. Due to
this combination of the two machines, one saves a total of one magnetic
disk and one return path. The two external second disks of the overall
machine delimit the air gap sections with permanent magnets which are
backed with a return path disk. The coil support 21 is radially affixed
in the peripheral region of the air-core coils.
Fig. 7 shows a further development of an electrical machine,
which, as in Fig. 8, is assembled from two machines, with, in this case,
the joint second field device 7 only having the return path part, on which
the magnets 27 of the respective original machines are applied on both
sides on the disk surfaces, combined.
Fig. 8 shows an alteration of the electrical machine
from Fig. 3, in which the second disk-shaped bodies are bent inward in
the peripheral region and follow the coil course at a uniform distance
up to the radially affixed coil support. The second disk-shaped bodies
7 are return path disks and the first disk-shaped body 6 is a disk with
a disk-shaped return path body 19, slot-shaped in axial section, which
carries magnetic poles in the entire region delimiting the air gap, i.e.
also in the peripheral region. The magnetic poles are magnetized orthogonally
to the air gap boundary surface.
Fig. 9 shows the same disk course as in Fig. 8, however,
here the first disk-shaped body 6 consists of a return path disk and the
second disk-shaped body 7 consists of a magnetic return path with magnetic
poles delimiting the air gap which are magnetized orthogonally to its
air gap boundary surface. The air-core coil is supported very stably by
a central continuous slot between the second disk-shaped bodies 7.
Fig. 10 shows, in axial section, a further development
of an electrical machine with air-core coils 3 which are affixed overlapping
in the axle region and in which air gap sections penetrated by the field
run in one layer. The second disk-shaped body 7 consists of each of the
magnetic poles delimiting the air gap section and a magnetic return path,
with the first disk-shaped body being a return path disk.
Fig. 11 shows a further development of the electrical
machine according to Fig. 10 in radial section. The distribution of the
air-core coils 3 by means of the V-shaped partial coils within an air
gap section is visible, with the air-core coils uniformly distributed
over the periphery of the first disk-shaped body 6. The permanent magnets
27 of the rear second disk-shaped body 7 are visible in the peripheral
region and, furthermore, are indicated with dashed lines, whereby they
bypass the winding head region near the axle.
Fig. 12 shows a further development of the electrical
machine as a direct current machine with mechanical commutation 25/26
in axial section, in which the air-core coils 3 overlap in two layers
in the air gap region and overlap multiple times as winding heads in the
axial region bypassed by the field, which is illustrated here in a simplified
way by an axial swelling of the winding. The first disk-shaped body 6
is a return path disk and the second disk-shaped body 7 consists of each
of the magnetic poles 27 delimiting the air gap section and a magnetic
return path. The air-core coils are interconnected on the disk-shaped
commutator 25. Slip contacts 26 are also visible.
Fig. 13 shows the further development of the electrical
machine according to Fig. 12 in radial section, with the air-core coils
uniformly distributed over the periphery of the first disk-shaped body
6 and overlapping in the air gap region as a two-layer winding. The permanent
magnets 27 of the rear second disk-shaped body 7 are visible in the peripheral
region and are also indicated with dashed lines, whereby they bypass the
winding head region near the axle.
Fig. 14 shows a further development of the electrical
machine as a direct current machine with mechanical commutation 25/26
in axial section, in which the air gap 4, in the section transverse to
the direction of movement, is formed from two straight air gap sections
and one bent air gap section, which transition directly into one another,
and the air-core coils 3 extend from the region of a straight air gap
section near the axle via the bent air gap section lying in the peripheral
region up to the region near the axle of the adjoining straight air gap
section. Another further development which is not shown is elliptical
in a similar form with a continuous elliptical air gap.
Fig. 15 shows the further development of the electrical
machine according to Fig. 14 in radial section, with the air-core coils,
visible here only as partial coils, uniformly distributed over the periphery
of the first disk-shaped body 6 as individual conductors in a slanted
winding, and either directly commutated via brushes 26 on the winding
or connected with a commutator 25. The air-core coils run in two layers
in the entire air gap, with the coil sides of an air-core coil belonging
to different layers. In another further development which is not illustrated
here, the conductors in the region run involute or slanted near the axle
and radially or radially projected in the remaining region.
Fig. 16 shows an illustration of the principles of a
coil guide as a further development for a rotating electrical machine
in principle according to Fig. 1 in the radial section of line I-I. In
this case, two open air-core coils with several windings are distributed
over half of the periphery of the first disk-shaped body and are combined
into a partial winding. Two of these partial windings result in the complete
winding which fills out the disk circle, with the coil sides distributed
uniformly running radially over the periphery.
Fig. 17 shows an alteration of the electrical machine
of Fig. 2 in radial section. The characteristic here is that the pole
width 12 is smaller than the coil width 14 and electronic sensors 17 are
inserted in the winding region. Such machines are used as electronically
commutated motors, with the sensors providing information on the rotor
position and direction and air-core coils lying opposite interconnected
into a phase winding.
Fig. 18 shows a further development of the electrical
machine in axial section, with the air-core coil 3 folded as a diametral
winding around the first disk-shaped body 6, which is implemented as a
return path disk. The axle 24 is only journaled and traced on one side
by the first disk-shaped body 6, with the coil support 21 lying opposite
the axle 24 and led out of the disk ring 16 in the axle region. The air-core
coil only goes past the axle in one air gap region. In another air gap
region, it runs directly over the axle or laterally displaced to the diameter.
The folded region 18 of the air-core coil is penetrated by the field.
Fig. 19 shows the further development of the electrical
machine according to Fig. 17 as a disk machine in radial section. The
leading of the axle on one side through the winding is visible here, with
the conductors deviating through the axle through hole away from their
ideal course. The ideal course of the winding in the nonvisible air gap
section is indicated in a dashed form. The magnet system is implemented
with two poles second disk-shaped body of the rear air gap section.
Fig. 20 and 21 show an implementation with a disk-shaped
carrier 8, which ends in a fork shape at its outer periphery in three
ring-shaped bodies which are connected, with the two external ones carrying
magnets 27 on their inner sides. The disk-shaped carrier 8 sits on a shaft
1, and the first ring-shaped body is surrounded by the air-core coil 3.
High peripheral speeds are used here.
Fig. 22 shows a further development of the electrical
machine in axial section. The first hollow cylindrical body 6 consists
of a hollow cylindrical return path body on whose shell surface a permanent
magnetic body 27 with radial magnetization is applied all around the periphery.
A narrow return path disk ring, which is securely connected on the inside
with the hollow cylindrical return path body, is applied at a slight distance
to the face of the magnetic body. The first body is journaled on its internal
diameter on a shaft 1 by two bearings 13 and is coaxially nested in a
second hollow cylindrical body 7 and securely attached to it at one face.
The first and second bodies delimit an air gap section on the opposite
face of the first body and between their shell surfaces. The air gap delimitation
on the face is formed by the first body 6 by a return path and by the
second body 7 by radially magnetized permanent magnets with a backing
return path. The air gap delimitation on the shell side of the second
body 7 is implemented as a return path.
The air-core coil 3 extends axially via the air gap section on the shell
side over the folded region 18 into the air gap section on the face up
to near the axle and is connected there with the collector 2, which the
slip contacts 26 press against.
Fig. 23 shows an electrical machine from Fig. 22 in radial
section. The V-shaped coil sections run slightly displaced from the radius
in the face region and are connected with the collector 25 near the axle.
The first body 6 is visible as a return path body, as is the second body
7. Furthermore, the coil parts running in the direction of movement in
the air gap section on the shell side are visible.
Fig. 24 shows a further development of the electrical
machine in axial section. A first hollow cylindrical body 6 consists of
a return path body which nests in a second hollow cylindrical body 7,
which, between their shell region and the two face regions, delimits an
air gap 4 consisting of the air gap regions 4', 4", 4"'. The first and
second bodies are not connected mechanically, but magnetically, and are
coaxially journaled on a hollow axle 24, each by two bearings 13. The
air-core coil 3 extends axially into the air gap 4" and is folded at each
of the outer edges of the first body at 18 and extends outward from there
in the direction of the shaft into the air gap sections 4', 4". The air-core
coil is ecurely attached to the hollow axle 24, with the supply lead of
the air-core coil led through the hollow axle. The second hollow cylindrical
body 7 consists on the air gap side of permanent magnets 27 which are
affixed to a return path body.
Fig. 25 shows an electrical machine from Fig. 24 in radial section. The
V-shaped coil sections of the air-core coil 3 run slightly displaced from
the radius in the face regions and, when viewed axially, congruently in
the air-gap sections 4', 4". The air-core coils are connected via a support
21 with the hollow axle, the return path surface on the face of the first
body is visible, as are the individual magnetic poles of the second body
7, which are backed with a return path body which is ring-shaped when
viewed axially.
Fig. 26 shows a further development of the electrical
machine in axial section. The air-core coil 3 extends into an air gap
4 which is delimited by first and second drum-shaped bodies 6, 7, with
the bodies having an elliptical shape in section. The coil support 21
is led through a slot 11 in the second body 7 out of the air gap region.
A connection of the air-core coil 3 or the field device with the axle
24 or the shaft 1 is not defined.
.Fig. 27 shows an electric machine in axial section. The machine consists
of three hollow cylindrical bodies 6, 7, which are nested inside each
other coaxial to a shaft 1 or axle 24 and delimit an air gap consisting
of the air gap sections 4', 4". The air-core coil 3 is folded around one
external edge on the face of the first hollow cylindrical body 6, which
is a return path, in 18. The outer and inner hollow cylindrical second
body 7 consists on the air gap side of permanently magnetic poles 27 which
are affixed to a return path. The first and second bodies are securely
attached to one another at one face. The air-core coil is connected via
a support 21 with the housing 2, with connections with the shaft or axle
not defined.
Fig. 28 shows an electrical machine from Fig. 27 in radial
section. First and second bodies 6, 7, which are ring-shaped when viewed
in the direction of the axle, are visible, and the bent conductor 20 and
the inactive conductor, which lies in the direction of movement, of each
of the air-core coils 3 are also visible.
Fig. 29 shows an electrical machine in axial section. The machine consists
of four hollow cylindrical bodies 6, 7, which are nested inside each other
and lie coaxial to an axle 2 or shaft 1 and which delimit an air gap 4
between themselves consisting of the air gap sections 4', 4", 4"', 4"",
4""', with the air-core coil 3 running through all of the air gap sections,
which are each delimited by two surfaces on the shells or faces of the
hollow cylindrical bodies. The air-core coil thereby completes two left
bends and two right bends.
Fig. 30 shows an electrical machine from Fig. 25 in radial
section. The three outer hollow cylindrical bodies are visible in the
axial direction as ring bodies 6, 7, as are the air gap sections 4', 4"',
4""' delimited by their shells. The air-core coil 3 is visible, above
all, in its radial course in the air gap section 4" and, with its inactive
conductor, in the outer and inner air gap sections on the shell side,
as is the coil support 21 in the region nearest the axle.
Fig. 31 shows an electrical machine in axial section.
The machine consists of three hollow cylindrical bodies 6, 7, which are
nested in each other coaxial to a shaft 1 or axle 24 and delimit an air
gap 4 consisting of the air gap sections 4', 4", 4"', 4"". The air-core
coil 3 completes two right bends and a left bend in its course through
the air gap sections. A characteristic here is that the first body 6 only
has magnetic poles on one side in axial section.
Fig.32 shows an electrical machine from Fig.31 in radial
section. The two outer hollow cylindrical bodies are visible as ring-shaped
bodies 6, 7, as is the inner hollow cylindrical body 7 with its return
path surface on its face, as are the air gap sections 4", 4"" delimited
by them on the shell side. The air-core coil 3 is visible, above all,
in its radial course in the air gap section 4" and, with its inactive
conductor, in the outer air gap sections on the shell side, as is the
coil support 21 in the region nearest the axle.
Fig. 33 shows an electrical linear machine from Fig.
34 in cross-section. The plate-shaped bodies 6, 7 lie parallel and displaced
relative to one another in such a way that they uniformly delimit the
parallel air-gap sections 4', 4". The first plate-shaped body 6 is a return
path plate, around which an outer edge of the air-core coil 3 lying in
the direction of movement is folded at 20 and in which the air-gap sections
4', 4" run. A coil side is visible which is supported by 21 in the folded
region 18. The two plate-shaped bodies 7 contain the magnetic poles 27.
Fig. 34 shows an electrical linear machine from Fig.
33 in cross-section. The course of the air-core coil 3 in the direction
of movement and the folded air-core coil parts 20 are visible. Five air-core
coils are folded around the first plate-shaped body 6 and run in the air
gap sections. The direction of movement is right to left in the plane
of the paper.
Fig. 35 shows the electrical linear machine from Figs.
33, 34 in section. The course of the partial coils in the air gap section
4' and the plate-shaped return path of the first body 6, as well as the
magnetic poles of the first plate-shaped body 7 lying under it, are visible.
Fig. 36 shows an electrical linear machine from Fig.
37 in cross-section. The linear machine essentially consists of three
parallel plate-shaped bodies 6, 7 which uniformly delimit an air gap 4
in which the second plate-shaped body 7 is wrapped around an outer edge
lying in the direction of movement at a uniform distance, with the second
plate-shaped body having a continuous slot 11 for leading through the
coil support 21. The magnetic poles of the plate-shaped first body 6 are
electromagnetic, so that the excitation coils belonging to it are inlaid
in the grooves of its return path body. The air-core coil 3 is uniformly
bent around the plate-shaped first body and runs in the air gap 4 on both
sides of the plate-shaped first body, with one coil side visible.
Fig. 37 shows an electrical linear machine from Fig.
36 in section. The partial coils of the excitation coils and the two air-core
coils 3 are visible as rotors with their coil support 21 on one side of
the plate-shaped first body 6. The direction of movement is right to left
in the plane of the paper.
Fig. 38 shows an electrical linear machine from figs.
36, 37 in section. The bent coil parts of the air-core coils 3 and the
excitation coils, which are embedded in the return path of the first body
6, as well as the inactive air-core coil parts of the air-core coil 3
lying in the direction of movement, are visible.
Figs. 39-41 show various exemplary further developments
of the folded edge and outer regions of a first and second body 6, 7,
with the inner body 6 surrounded by the air-core coil 3, which has the
coil support 21 axially outside the air-core coil. In all three embodiments,
the return path flat band 5 is affixed to the left second body 7. Magnets
belong both to the left and to the right second body 7, while the first
body 6 has no magnets 27, or magnets 27 affixed on one side or both sides,
and is rounded off in different ways in its outer edge region (also in
angular and T shapes), in order to achieve a favorable course of the field
lines, which are indicated by lines through the air-core coil.
PART NUMBERS IN THE FIGURES
-
1 shaft
2 housing
3 coil (open, closed)
4 air gap
4', 4" air gap sections of the air gap
4
5 outer flat band, preferably a return
path flat band, a ring-shaped body when viewed axially
6 first body of the field device (forms
the boundary surface of the air gap 4)
7 second body of the field device (forms
the other boundary surface of the air gap 4)
8 disk-shaped carrier
9 inner flat band, a ring-shaped body when
viewed axially
10 edge of the first body (lies in the
direction of movement and is an abutting edge or angle edge
11 continuous slot in the second body
12 pole width
13 bearing
14 coil width
15
16 disk ring
17 electronic sensor
18 folded region
19 return path body of the magnetic poles
of the first body
20 conductor in the folded region
21 coil support
22
23 permanent magnet disk
24 axle
25 collector
27 magnetic pole
28
29 winding
Abstract
The present invention relates to an electric machine
presenting a constructive base form thatenables said machine to be used
both as a motor and as a generator and to provide a high yield of the
air-core coil on the smallest area possible for rotating and linear movements.
In the case of the present constructive base form, the air-core coil (3)
comprises two coil sides which are located opposite from opposed magnetic
poles (27) when the energy conversion is maximal and have thus a complementary
action. The air-core coil, which is not in contact with the reflux material,
is approximately located at the center of an air gap (4) formed by a field
device (6, 7) or an air gap (4) comprising one or more air-gap sections
(4', 4",
), and is capable of displacement relative to said sections.
Each coil side extends though the air gap sections (4', 4",
), has geometrical
shape that changes at its section in a direction transverse to the displacement
direction, is curved or bent about at least one body (6) of the field
device and is essentially located within the air gap (4). The structure
of the air gap and of the air-core coils located therein provides an optimal
compliance to M. Faraday's ideal conditions concerning energy conversion
during the relative displacement between an electric lead and the magnetic
field, and also ensures an optimal quantitative and qualitative yield
of the copper within said air-core coils. This invention can be used in
the production of highly compact machines, which results in numerous other
advantages in terms of applications, manufacturing and production costs.
These machines and the high yield they offer can be use, e.g., as motors
for extremely rapid adjustment operations or as driving mechanisms for
vehicles and as generators for lighting dynamos in vehicles or for wind
energy plants.
CLAIMS
1. An electrical machine having an air gap (4), delimited
by a field device, consisting in the form of at least two bodies (6, 7)
at a distance from one another, with each one first body (6) located neighboring
one second body (7), and with magnetic poles (27), belonging to at least
one of the sides of the first and second body which face each other, which
are magnetized orthogonally to the air gap, extend essentially over the
entire air gap transverse to a direction of movement, each as a whole
or divided into partial poles, and which are preferably backed with return
path material, which alternate in the direction of movement, and whose
field runs essentially in a straight line inside the pole surface region
of each pole from one boundary surface of the air gap (4) to the opposite
boundary surface, which either also has magnetic poles or consists predominantly
of return path material, and at least one two-pole air-core coil (3) or
a winding (29) with two-pole air-core coils (3), which have no contact
to return path material, extend, in section transverse to the direction
of movement, into the air gap (4) approximately in the middle and at an
equal distance from the first and second bodies, move relative to the
field device and thus each coil side of the at least one air-core coil
traverses the direction of movement, and are connected at the outer edge
of the air gap (4) with another coil side directly or via predominantly
inactive conductor or winding head conductor into at least one air-core
coil ( 3), characterized in that the air gap (4), in section transverse
to the direction of movement, consists of at least two neighboring air
gap sections (4', 4"...), each two of which abut one another with their
air gap boundary surfaces belonging to the first body at the joint edge
(10) arising in this way, and each coil side of the at least one air-core
coil (3) runs through the air gap with its air gap sections, with each
edge (10) changing its geometric form and thereby completing a bend or
fold around the first body and each coil side running essentially in the
air gap (4)
2. An electrical machine according to the generic
portion of claim 1, characterized in that the air gap (4), in section
transverse to the direction of movement, consists of at least one curved
air gap section (4'), which is delimited by the inside of the first body
and in which each coil side of the at least one air-core coil (3) extends
essentially along the full length of the curve, and the coil sides run
through the air gap with its air gap sections and essentially in the air
gap (4).
3. An electrical machine according to claims 1, 2,
characterized in that the air gap (4), in section transverse to the direction
of movement, consists of at least one curved air gap section (4'), which
is delimited by the inside of the first body and in which each coil side
of the at least one air-core coil (3) extends essentially along the full
length of the curve, and the coil sides run through the air gap with its
air gap sections and essentially in the air gap (4), and the at least
one air gap section (4') is preferably in the shape of a circular arc.
4. An electrical machine according to claim 2, characterized
in that, in section transverse to the direction of movement, the at least
one curved air gap section (4') is an irregular curve, and is preferably
elliptical.
5. An electrical machine according to- claim 4, characterized
in that, in section transverse to the direction of movement, the elliptical
air gap section (4') is a flat ellipse and thereby preferably includes
either one main apex and two secondary apexes or two main apexes and one
secondary apex of the ellipse.
6. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
5, characterized in that the air-core pole (3) is located essentially
within the air gap (4) or within the air gap (4) having the air gap sections
(4', 4"...).
7. An electrical machine according to claims 1, 6,
characterized in that at least two neighboring air gap sections (4', 4"),
in section transverse to the direction of movement, are straight and lie
at an angle of preferably 90° to one another, whereby they intersect one
of their boundary surfaces, belonging to the first body, forming an angular
edge (10) of the first body, which is preferably rounded off.
8. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
6, characterized in that, in section transverse to the direction of movement,
at least two neighboring air gap sections (4', 4") abut one another at
a boundary surface, belonging to the first body, forming the edge (10),
with one air gap section (4') straight and one air gap section (4") curved,
preferably circular.
9. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
6, 8, characterized in that, in section transverse to the direction of
movement, at least two neighboring air gap sections (4', 4") transition
directly into one another.
10. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
9, characterized in that, in section transverse to the direction of movement,
the air gap (4) is assembled from three air gap sections (4', 4", 4"'),
with two straight air gap sections (4', 4"') lying in parallel connected
through a third air gap section (4"), which is either straight and lies
at a 90° angle to each of them or is a curved air gap section.
11. An electrical machine according to claims 1, 7,
characterized in that the air gap (4), in section transverse to the direction
of movement, consists of at least two air gap sections (4', 4") lying
in parallel, with the boundary surfaces abutting at edge (10) consisting
predominantly of return path material and belonging to a narrow slot-shaped
first body and the magnetic poles (27) belonging to the air gap boundary
surface of the second body.
12. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
12 [sic], characterized in that, in section transverse to direction of
movement, the air gap (4) consists of several abutting air gap sections
(4', 4"...), which are straight or curved, through which each coil side
of the at least one air-core coil (3) runs and which thereby complete
at least one left bend and one right bend.
13. An electrical machine according to claim 12, characterized
in that in addition at least three straight air gap sections (4', 4",
4"'), in section transverse to the direction of movement, lie parallel
to one another.
14. An electrical machine according to claim 12, characterized
in that the air gap (4), in section transverse to the direction of movement,
thereby consists of three straight air gap sections (4, 4, 4),
with two air gap sections (4', 4") lying parallel to one another, and
the third air gap section (4"') assuming an angle of 90° to them.
15. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
14, characterized in that a conductor (20) of the air-core coil (3) in
the folded region (18) in the region of the edge (10) is also at least
partially penetrated by the magnetic field, with the magnetic field not
running from one air gap boundary surface to the other in essentially
a straight line.
16. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
15, characterized in that, in section transverse to the direction of movement,
at least two neighboring air gap sections (4', 4") of the air gap (4)
contain, in their boundary surfaces which belong to the first body and
abut one another, magnetic partial poles which form, out over the joint
edge (10), a joint continuous pole which is magnetized orthogonally to
its air gap boundary surface.
17. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
10, 12 to 15, characterized in that, in section transverse to the direction
of movement, in two neighboring air gap sections (4', 4"), the magnetic
poles (27) belong at least to different boundary surfaces of the air gap
(4) and the magnetic poles of the one air gap section (4'), which belong
to the boundary surface of the first body, lie with their faces at a distance
to the return path material of the abutting, neighboring boundary surface
of the other air gap section (4"), which consists at least predominantly
of return path material.
18. An electrical machine according to claims 10,
15, 17, characterized in that, in section transverse to the direction
of movement, the air gap (4) is composed of at least three air gap sections
(4', 4", 4"'), with two straight air gap sections lying in parallel (4',
4"') connected by a straight third air gap section (4"), and magnetic
poles (27) belong to at least one of the two parallel boundary surfaces
of the parallel air gap sections of the first body and are affixed to
at least one of the sides of a slot-shaped return path body (19) belonging
to the first body (6), and the boundary surface of the air gap section
(4"'), which connects the two edges (10), in which one boundary surface
of the air gap section 4"' abuts one of each of the air gap sections 4'
and 4", consists at least predominantly of return path material and preferably
forms a flat return path of the first body (6), which is a return path
flat band (9), which lies at a distance to the faces of the magnetic poles
and is connected with the return path body (19) approximately in the middle
or on one edge (10), and an air gap boundary surface of the air gap section
(4"'), to which magnetic poles (27) belong, lies opposite to the return
path flat band (9).
19. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
8, 10 to 18, characterized in that, in section transverse to the direction
of movement, at least one second body (7) in the folded region (18) in
the region of the edge (10) at least partially follows the conductor (20)
or a curved coil trace at a uniform distance.
20. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
8, 10 to 18, characterized in that at least one second body (7) is connected
via its edges lying in the direction of movement with a return path flat
band (5) which delimits the air gap (4) on one side in the folded region
(18) in the region of an edge (10).
21. An electrical machine according to claim 20, characterized
in that the return path flat band (5) carries magnetic poles (27), on
the side toward the air gap, which extend transverse to the direction
of movement, alternate in the direction of movement, and are magnetized
in the direction of the first body (6), preferably in the direction of
the edge (10).
22. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
21, characterized in that it is composed of several machines which use
a joint second body (7) of the field device, which is preferably implemented
as a permanent magnet body (23), with it magnetized orthogonally to the
direction of movement and to the air gap boundary surface and with both
of the two pole surfaces of the magnet body delimiting at least one air
gap section of the two electrical machines.
23. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
22, characterized in that, in section transverse to the direction of movement,
first and second bodies (6, 7) are securely connected directly or via
a body, which is preferably a return path, at the outer edges of the opposing
boundary surfaces of the air gap (4), with the second body having at least
one continuous slot in the direction of movement, for leading through
the coil support (21), which divides the air gap boundary surface of the
second body approximately in the middle in the direction of extension
of the air gap (4) and/or is located in a folded region ( 18) of the at
least one air-core coil (3).
24. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
22, characterized in that, in section transverse to the direction of movement,
first and second bodies (6, 7) are securely connected directly or via
a body, which is preferably a return path, at the outer edges of the opposing
boundary surfaces of the air gap (4), with the second body (7) continuously
delimiting the air gap (4) opposite to the first body (6) and the coil
support (21) connected at the other outer edge of the air gap (4) with
a winding head or an inactive conductor region of the at least one air-core
coil (3) and led out of the air gap region.
25. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
24, characterized in that the field device is surrounded by a housing
(2) or is itself the housing or part of the housing, and either the at
least one air-core coil (3) is securely connected with the shaft (1) or
axle (24), with the field device journaled directly and/or via a housing
(2), or the at least one air-core coil (3) is journaled directly and/or
via a coil support (21) and/or via a housing (2) on the shaft or axle
(24), and the field device is thereby securely connected with the shaft
or axle.
26.An electrical machine according to claims 1 to 25,
characterized in that the movement is linear.
27.An electrical machine according to claims 1 to 25,
characterized in that the movement of the field device and the at least
one air-core coil (3) is rotational relative to an axle (24) or a shaft
(1).
28. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
9, 11 to 15, 19 to 25, 27, characterized in that, the field device, at
least in the shape of at least three coaxial disk-shaped bodies (6, 7)
lying at intervals, each as a disk or disk ring (16), is located on the
axle (24) or shaft (1), with each one disk-shaped body (6) located neighboring
one second disk-shaped body (7), and these, in section transverse to the
direction of movement, each delimiting one air gap section (4', 4"), whose
boundary surfaces belonging to the first body abut at the outer edge (10)
of the first body, and magnetic poles (27) belong to the second disk-shaped
body on the side toward the air gap, which are magnetized orthogonally
to the air gap, preferably axially, which extend in the direction of the
axle, preferably radially, and which alternate around the periphery, and
at least one air-core coil (3), each coil side of which changes its geometric
form at the outer edge (10), and which is bent or folded around the first
body (6), with this being a very thin disk-shaped body, at least in its
peripheral region, with boundary surfaces which predominantly consist
of return path material, and which is preferably a thin return path disk
of uniform thickness, and each coil side on both sides of the first disk-shaped
body (6) extending into the air gap sections (4', 4"), approximately in
the middle between each two disk-shaped bodies and at equal distances
from them, in the direction of the axle or shaft, and is connected in
its region nearest the axle with another coil side into an air-core coil
(3), with the first and second disk-shaped bodies rotatable uniformly
with one another and relative to the at least one air-core coil (3).
29. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
10, 12 to 25, 27, characterized in that the field device, at least in
the shape of at least three coaxial disk-shaped bodies (6, 7) lying at
intervals, each as a disk or disk ring (16), is located on the axle (24)
or shaft (1), with each one disk-shaped body (6) located neighboring one
second disk-shaped body (7), and these, in section transverse to the direction
of movement, each delimiting one air gap section (4', 4"...), which each
run on one side of the first disk-shaped body (6) in the direction of
the shaft (1) or axle (24) and magnetic poles (27) belong to at least
one of the facing sides of the first and second disk-shaped bodies which
are magnetized orthogonally to the air gap boundary surface, preferably
axially, which extend in the direction of the axle, preferably radially,
and which alternate around the periphery, with the first body (6) preferably
consisting of a slot-shaped return path body (19), which, in section transverse
to the direction of movement, is very narrow, and magnetic poles (27)
which it carries on one of its sides, and the field device delimits a
further air gap section (4"3 in the peripheral region whose boundary surface
belonging to the first body abuts each of the boundary surfaces also belonging
to it of the neighboring air gap sections (4', 4"') in each edge (10),
and at least one air-core coil (3), with each coil side running at least
partially through the air gap in the peripheral region and changing its
geometric shape at both outer edges (10) of the first body (6) and bent
or folded around the first body, extending outward from there on both
sides of the first disk-shaped body (6) in the direction of the axle or
shaft, into each of the air gap sections (4', 4") approximately centrally
between each two disk-shaped bodies at equal distances from them and connected
there with another coil side into an air-core coil (3), with the field
device rotatable relative to at least one air-core coil (3) and the first
and second disk-shaped bodies thereby preferably moving uniformly with
one another, and preferably a field device delimiting an air gap at least
partially enclosing a conductor (20) along its length in the folded region
(18) in the region of at least one edge (10) of the at least one air-core
coil (3).
30. An electrical machine according to at least one
of the claims 1 to 25, 27 to 29, characterized in that the field device
is located at least in the form of at least two coaxial nested drum-shaped.
bodies (6, 7) at a distance from one another on the axle (24) or shaft
(1), with each one first drum-shaped body (6) located neighboring one
second drum-shaped body (7) and these, in section transverse to the direction
of movement, each delimiting one air gap section (4', 4"...), with two
straight air gap sections or at least one straight and one curved air
gap section or at least one curved air gap section forming the air gap
(4), which approaches the axle or shaft in at least one region, with each
coil side of the at least one air-core coil (3), during its course through
the air gap (4) in the direction of the axis or shaft, bent within at
least one curved air gap section and/or changing its shape on at least
one edge (10), at which two neighboring air gap sections at a time abut
at their boundary surfaces belonging to the first body, and bending or
folding around the first body (6) and extending over the entire air gap
(4) approximately centrally between the first and second body and at approximately
equal distances from them, and the magnetic poles (27), which delimit
the air gap (4) and each air gap section (4', 4"...) on at least one side,
are preferably magnetized orthogonally to their air gap boundary surface,
extend along the air gap in section transverse to the direction of movement,
and alternate around the periphery, and the field device rotates relative
to the at least one air-core coil, with the first and second bodies (6,
7) of the field device preferably securely connected and preferably moving
uniformly with one another.
31. An electrical machine according to claim 30, characterized
in that the first drum-shaped body (6) has the shape of a hollow or full
circular cylinder and the second drum-shaped body (7) has the shape of
a hollow circular cylinder, with at least one of the facing shell sides
of the first and second bodies (6, 7), which delimit an air gap section
(4"), containing magnetic poles (27) which are preferably radially magnetized
and alternate around the periphery, and, in section transverse to the
direction of movement, at least one of the facing sides of the first and
second body, on the face of the first body, which delimits an air gap
section (4'), contains magnetic poles (27), which are preferably magnetized
orthogonally to the air gap boundary surface and preferably axially and
which alternate around the periphery, and the edge (10) is formed by the
abutting boundary surfaces of the shell and face sides of the air gap
section (4', 4") belonging to the first body, which preferably lie orthogonally
to one another, each coil side of the at least one air-core coil is bent
or folded around it and it extends from there outward into the air gap
section (4") on the shell side, preferably axially, and in the direction
of the axle or shaft in the air gap section (4') on the face side, preferably
radially or radially projected.
32. An electrical machine according to claim 30, characterized
in that the first drum-shaped body (6) has the shape of a hollow or full
circular cylinder and the second drum-shaped body (7) has the shape of
a hollow circular cylinder, with at least one of the facing shell sides
of the first and second bodies (6, 7), which
delimit an air gap section (4"), containing magnetic
poles (27) which are preferably radially magnetized and alternate around
the periphery, and, in section transverse to the direction of movement,
at least one of the facing faces of the first and second body, which delimit
an air gap section (4') on one face of the first body and delimit an air
gap section (4"') on its other face, containing magnetic poles (27), which
are preferably magnetized orthogonally to the air gap boundary surface
and preferably axially and which alternate around the periphery, with
the air gap sections (4', 4 "), in section transverse to the direction
of movement, preferably lying orthogonally to the air gap section (4"'),
and the boundary surfaces, belonging to the first body, of one air gap
section on the shell side and one air gap section on the face each abutting
in an edge (10) of the first body, around which each coil side of the
at least one air-core coil (3) is bent or folded and extends from there
preferably axially into the air gap section (4") on the shell side and
preferably radially or radially projected into the air gapsections (4',
4"') on the face, each in the direction of the axle or shaft.
33. An electrical machine according to claims 30 to 32,
characterized in that the first drum-shaped body (6) has the shape of
a hollow or full circular cylinder and the second drum-shaped body (7)
has the shape of a hollow circular cylinder, with at least one of the
facing shell sides of the first and second bodies (6, 7), which delimit
an air gap section (4"), containing magnetic poles (27), which are preferably
radially magnetized and alternate around the periphery, and the circular
cylinder, in section transverse to the direction of movement, having faces
slanted or bent inwards on at least one side toward the axle (24) or shaft
(1), with at least one of the facing faces of the first and second body,
which delimits an air gap section (4') on the face on at least one side
of the first body, containing magnetic poles (27), which are preferably
magnetized orthogonally to the slanted or along the bending radius and
which alternate around the periphery, and at least one edge (10) formed
by the abutting boundary surfaces belonging to the first body (6) of the
air gap sections on the shell side and face, in which each coil side of
the at least one air-core coil (3) changes its geometric shape and is
bent or folded around the first body during its course through the air
gap and extends preferably axially into the air gap section (4") on the
shell side and into at least one air gap section (4,4"') on the face in
the direction of the axle or shaft and preferably radially projected.
34.An electrical machine according to claim 30, characterized
in that the field device is in the form of at least three cylindrical
bodies (6, 7) and the cylindrical body nearest the axle is a full or hollow
cylinder and all further bodies (6, 7) are hollow cylinders and are nested
in each other at a uniform interval at least on the shell side, with,
in axial section, the boundary surfaces of one first body (6) and one
second body (7) at a time delimiting one air gap section (4', 4"...) at
a time, which each extend axially on the inner and outer shell surfaces
of the first hollow cylinder (6), and at least one of the facing shell
surfaces of the first and second cylindrical bodies having magnetic poles
(27), which are preferably radially magnetized, extend axially, and alternate
around the periphery, and preferably at least one of the facing faces
of the first and second cylindrical bodies (6, 7), which delimit an air
gap section (4"'...) or a folded region (18) on at least one side of the
first body, also having magnetic poles (27), which are preferably axially
magnetized, extend in the direction of the axle or shaft, and alternate
around the periphery, and each coil side of the at least one air-core
coil (3) bent around at least one edge (10) of a hollow cylindrical first
body, which is formed by each two neighboring, abutting boundary surfaces
of neighboring air gap sections, and extending axially from there outward
on both sides of the edge (10) into an air gap section on the face or
on one side into an air gap section on the face in the direction of the
axle (24) or shaft (1), preferably radially or radially projected, and
on the other side into an air gap section on the shell side, preferably
axially.
35. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
26, characterized in that the field device consists at least in the form
of at least two long bodies (6, 7), with each one first long body (6)
located neighboring one second long body (7), in section transverse to
the direction of movement, and these each delimiting one air gap section
(4', 4"...), with two straight air gap sections or at least one straight
and one curved air gap section or at least one curved air gap section
forming the air gap (4), with each coil side of the at least one air-core
coil (3) bent in its course through the air gap (4) around at least one
first body (6) within at least one curved air gap section and/or changing
its geometric shape at least one edge (10), in which each two neighboring
air gap sections abut at their boundary surfaces, and bent or folded around
the first body (6), and extending over the complete air gap (4) approximately
centrally between the first and second body and at approximately the same
distance from both of them, and the magnetic poles (27), which delimit
the air gap (4) and each air gap section (4',4"...) on at least one side,
preferably magnetized orthogonally to their air gap boundary surface,
extending, in section transverse to the direction of movement, along the
air gap (4), and alternating around the periphery, and the field device
moving linearly relative to at least one air-core coil, with the first
and second bodies (6, 7) of the field device preferably securely connected
and moving together uniformly.
36. An electrical machine according to claim 35, characterized
in that the long bodies (6, 7) are at least three long, plate-shaped bodies
(6, 7) of a small, uniform thickness, which lie at uniform intervals from
one another, with an air gap section (4', 4 "...) located between each
first plate-shaped body (6) and second plate-shaped body (7), and the
air gap sections lying parallel to one another in section transverse to
the direction of movement, with the plate-shaped bodies (6, 7) being long
relative to their width and the long sides lying in the direction of movement
and magnetic poles (27) belonging to at least one of the facing sides
of the first and second plate-shaped bodies (6, 7) which extend transverse
to the direction of movement and are magnetized orthogonally to the surface
of the plate-shaped body (6, 7) delimiting the air gap, and the boundary
surfaces belonging to the first body (6), which has, in section transverse
to the direction of movement, a narrow, slot-shaped surface, the two neighboring
air gap sections (4', 4"...) abutting one another on one long side at
the edge (10) around which each of the coil sides of the at least one
air-core coil (3) is bent or folded, extends from this folded region (18)
into the air gap section, and is connected, in the region of the other
opposite long edge of the first plate-shaped body (6), with another coil
side into an air-core coil (3), and the at least one air-core coil moving
linearly relative to the field layout.
37. An electrical machine according to claim 36, characterized
in that the first and second long bodies (6, 73 are connected with one
another in the direction of movement at their beginning and their end
by a body.
REVISED CLAIMS
[received at the International Office on June 13, 2000
(06/13/00); original claims 1-37 replaced by revised claims 1-42 (14 pages)]
1. An electrical machine consisting of an air gap
(4), delimited by a field device, in the form of at least two bodies (6,
7) at a distance from one another, with each one first body (6) located
neighboring one second body (7), and with magnetic poles (27), belonging
to at least one of the facing sides of the first and second body, which
are magnetized orthogonally to the air gap, extend essentially over the
entire air gap transverse to a direction of movement, each as a whole
or divided into partial poles, and are preferably backed with return path
material, which alternate in the direction of movement, and whose field
runs essentially in a straight line inside the pole surface region of
each pole from one boundary surface of the air gap (4) to the opposite
boundary surface, which either also has magnetic poles or consists predominantly
of return path material, and at least one two-pole air-core coil (3) or
a winding (29) with two-pole air-core coils (3), which have no contact
to return path material, extending, in section transverse to the direction
of movement, into the air gap (4) approximately in the middle and at an
equal distance from the first and second bodies, moving relative to the
field device and thereby each coil side of the at least one air-core coil
traversing the direction of movement, and is connected at the outer edge
of the air gap (4) with another coil side directly or via predominantly
inactive conductor or winding head conductor into at least one air-core
coil ( 3), characterized in that the air gap (4), in section transverse
to the direction of movement, consists of at least two neighboring air
gap sections (4', 4"...), each two of which abut one another with their
air gap boundary surfaces belonging to the first body at the joint edge
(10) arising in this way, and each coil side of the at least one air-core
coil (3) runs through the air gap with its air gap sections, with each
edge (10) changing its geometric form and thereby completing a bend or
fold around the first body and each coil side running essentially in the
air gap (4).
2. An electrical machine according to the generic
portion of claim 1, characterized in that the air gap (4), in section
transverse to the direction of movement, consists of at least one curved
air gap section (4'), which is delimited by the inside of the first body
and in which each coil side of the at least one air-core coil (3) extends
essentially along the full length of the curve, and the coil sides run
through the air gap with its air gap sections and essentially in the air
gap (4).
3. An electrical machine according to the generic
portion of claim 1, characterized in that the air gap (4), in section
transverse to the direction of movement, consists of at least two neighboring
air gap sections (4', 4") lying close to one another, whose inner boundary
surfaces approach closely enough to each other on at least one side that
they are connected by a short outer edge (28) of the jointly delimited
first body, and each coil side of the at least one coil (3) runs through
the air gap with the air gap sections and thereby each coil side completes
one or more bends and/or folds around the outer edge (28) of the first
body (6), and each coil side essentially runs in the air gap (4) and the
folded region (18) of the coil (3) is penetrated to a large extent by
the field, in that in this part of the folded region at least one uniform
and/or irregular air gap section delimits the conductor with magnetic
poles affixed to at least one side.
4. An electrical machine according to the generic
portion of claim 1, characterized in that the air gap (4), in section
transverse to the direction of movement, consists of at least two neighboring
air gap sections (4', 4") lying close to one another, whose inner boundary
surfaces approach closely enough to each other on at least one side that
they are connected by a short outer edge (28) of the jointly delimited
first body, and- each coil side of the at least one coil (3) runs through
the air gap with the air gap sections and thereby each coil side completes
one or more bends and/or folds around the outer edge (28) of the first
body (6), and each coil side essentially runs in the air gap (4) and all
coil side sections of coil side within the respective air gap section
are movable with essentially the same speed relative to the field device.
5. An electrical machine according to claims 3, 4,
characterized in that the at least two air gap sections (4', 4")' in section
transverse to the direction of movement, lie parallel to one another,
and their inner boundary surfaces delimit a uniformly narrow first body
(6).
6. An electrical machine according to claims 3 to
5, characterized in that the inner boundary surfaces of the at least two
air-core coil sections (4', 4") consist at least predominantly of return
path material.
7. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
6, characterized in that the air gap (4), in section transverse to the
direction of movement, consists of at least one curved air gap section
(4'), which is delimited by the inside of the first body and in which
each coil side of the at least one air-core coil (3) extends essentially
along the full length of the curve, and the coil sides run through the
air gap with its air gap sections and essentially in the air gap (4),
and the at least one air gap section (4') is preferably in the shape of
a circular arc.
8. An electrical machine according to claim 2, characterized
in that, in section transverse to the direction of movement, the at least
one curved air gap section (4') is an irregular curve, and is preferably
elliptical.
9. An electrical machine according to claim 8, characterized
in that, in section transverse to the direction of movement, the elliptical
air gap section (4') is a flat ellipse and thereby preferably includes
either one main apex and two secondary apexes or two main apexes and one
secondary apex of the ellipse.
10. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
9, characterized in that the air-core coil (3) is located essentially
within the air gap (4) or within the air gap (4) having the air gap sections
(4', 4"...).
11. An electrical machine according to claims 1, 10,
characterized in that at least two neighboring air gap sections (4', 4"),
in section transverse to the direction of movement, are straight and lie
at an angle of preferably 90° to one another, whereby they intersect at
one of their boundary surfaces, belonging to the first body, forming an
angular edge (10) of the first body, which is preferably rounded off.
12. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
11, characterized in that, in section transverse to the direction of movement,
at least two neighboring air gap sections (4', 4") abut one another at
a boundary surface which belongs to the first body, forming the edge (10),
or abut at the outer edge (28), with one air gap section (4') straight
and one air gap section (4") curved, preferably circular.
13. An electrical machine according to claims 1, 2,
7 to 10, 12, characterized in that, in section transverse to the direction
of movement, at least two neighboring air gap sections (4', 4") transition
directly into one another.
14. An electrical machine according to claims 1, 2,
3, 6 to 13, characterized in that, in section transverse to the direction
of movement, the air gap (4) is assembled from three air gap sections
(4', 4", 4"'), with two straight air gap sections (4', 4"') lying in parallel
connected through a third air gap section (4"), which is either straight
and lies at a 90° angle to each of them or is a curved air gap section.
15. An electrical machine according to claims 1,2,7
to 13, characterized in that the air gap (4), in section transverse to
the direction of movement, consists of at least two air gap sections (4',
4") lying in parallel, with the boundary surfaces which abut at edge (10)
consisting predominantly of return path material and belonging to a narrow
slot-shaped first body and the magnetic poles (27) belonging to the air
gap boundary surface of the second body.
16. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
15, characterized in that, in section transverse to direction of movement,
the air gap (4) consists of several abutting air gap sections (4', 4"...),
each two of which abut at an edge (10) or at an outer edge (28), which
are straight or curved, and through which each coil side of the at least
one air-core coil (3) runs, thereby completing at least one left bend
and one right bend.
17. An electrical machine according to claim 16, characterized
in that thereby at least three straight air gap sections (4', 4", 4"')
lie, in section transverse to the direction of movement, parallel to one
another.
18. An electrical machine according to claim 16, characterized
in that the air gap (4), in section transverse to the direction of movement,
thereby consists of three straight air gap sections (4', 4", 4"'), with
two air gap sections (4', 4") lying parallel to one another, and the third
air gap section (4"') assuming an angle of 90° to them.
19. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
18, characterized in that a conductor (20) of the air-core coil (3) in
the folded region (18) in the region of the edge (10) or outer edge (28)
is also at least partially penetrated by the magnetic field, with the
magnetic field not running from one air gap boundary surface to the other
in essentially a straight line.
20. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
5, 7 to 14, 16 to 19, characterized in that, in section transverse to
the direction of movement, at least two neighboring air gap sections (4',
4") of the air gap (4) contain, in their boundary surfaces which belong
to the first body and abut one another, magnetic partial poles which,
out over the joint edge (10) or with an outer edge (28), form a joint
continuous pole which is magnetized orthogonally to its air gap boundary
surface.
21. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
5, 7 to 19, characterized in that, in section transverse to the direction
of movement, in two neighboring air gap sections (4', 4"), the magnetic
poles (27) belong at least to different boundary surfaces of the air gap
(4) and the magnetic poles of the one air gap section (4'), which belong
to the boundary surface of the first body, lie with their faces at a distance
to the return path material of the abutting, neighboring boundary surface
of the other air gap section (4"), which consists at least predominantly
of return path material.
22. An electrical machine according to claims 14,
19, 21, characterized in that, in section transverse to the direction
of movement, the air gap (4) is composed of at least three air gap sections
(4', 4", 4"'), with two straight air gap sections lying in parallel (4',
4"') connected by a straight third air gap section (4"), and magnetic
poles (27) belong to at least one of the two parallel boundary surfaces
of the parallel air gap sections of the first body and are affixed to
at least one of the sides of a slot-shaped return path body (19) belonging
to the first body (6) and the boundary surface of the air gap section
(4"'), which connects the two edges (10), in which one boundary surface
of the air gap section 4"' abuts one of each of the air gap sections 4'
and 4", consists at least predominantly of return path material and preferably
forms a flat return path of the first body (6), which is a return path
flat band (9), which lies at a distance to the faces of the magnetic poles
and is connected with the return path body (19) approximately in the middle
or on one edge (10), and an air gap boundary surface of the air gap section
(4"'), to which magnetic poles (27) belong, lies opposite to the return
path flat band (9).
23. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
12, 14 to 22, characterized in that, in section transverse to the direction
of movement, at least one second body (7) in the folded region (18) in
the region of the edge (10) at least partially follows the conductor (20)
or a curved coil trace at a uniform distance.
24. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
12, 14 to 22, characterized in that at least one second body (73 is connected
via its edges lying in the direction of movement with a return path flat
band (5) which delimits the air gap (4) on one side in the folded region
(18) in the region of an edge (10) or outer edge (28).
25. An electrical machine according to claim 24, characterized
in that the return path flat band (5) carries, on the side toward the
air gap, magnetic poles (27) which extend transverse to the direction
of movement, alternate in the direction of movement, and are magnetized
in the direction of the first body (6), preferably in the direction of
the edge (10) or outer edge (28).
26.An electrical machine according to claims 1 to 25,
characterized in that it is composed of several machines which use a joint
second body (7) of the field device, which is preferably implemented as
a permanent magnet body (23), with it magnetized orthogonally to the direction
of movement and to the air gap boundary surface and with both of the two
pole surfaces of the magnet body delimiting at least one air gap section
of the two electrical machines.
27. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
26, characterized in that, in section transverse to the direction of movement,
first and second bodies (6, 7) are securely connected directly or via
a body, which is preferably a return path, at the outer edges of the opposing
boundary surfaces of the air gap (4), with the second body having at least
one continuous slot in the direction of movement, for leading through
the coil support (21), which divides the air gap boundary surface of the
second body approximately in the middle in the direction of extension
of the air gap (4) and/or is located in a folded region (18) of the at
least one air-core coil (3).
28. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
26, characterized in that, in section transverse to the direction of movement,
first and second bodies (6, 7) are securely connected directly or via
a body, which is preferably a return path, at the outer edges of the opposing
boundary surfaces of the air gap (4), with the second body (7) delimiting
the air gap (4) opposite to the first body (6) and the coil support (21)
connected at the other outer edge of the air gap (4) with a winding head
or an inactive conductor region of the at least one air-core coil (3)
and led out of the air gap region.
29. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
28, characterized in that the field device is surrounded by a housing
(2) or is itself the housing or part of the housing, and either the at
least one air-core coil (3) is securely connected with the shaft (1) or
axle (24), with the field device journaled directly and/or via a housing
(2), or the at least one air-core coil (3) is journaled directly and/or
via a coil support (21) and/or via a housing (2) on the shaft or axle
(24), and the field device is thereby securely connected with the shaft
or axle.
30. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
29, characterized in that the movement is linear.
31. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
29, characterized in that the movement of the field device and the at
least one air-core coil (3) is rotational relative to an axle (24) or
a shaft (1).
32. An electrical machine according to claims 15,
16, 19, 23 to 29, 31, characterized in that the field device, at least
in the shape of at least three coaxial disk-shaped bodies (6, 7) lying
at intervals, each as a disk or disk ring (16), is located on the axle
(24) or shaft (1), with each one disk-shaped body (6) located neighboring
one second disk-shaped body (7), and these, in section transverse to the
direction of movement, each delimiting one air gap section (4', 4"...),
whose boundary surfaces belonging to the first body abut at the outer
edge (10) of the first body, and magnetic poles (27) belong to the second
disk-shaped body on the side toward the air gap which are magnetized orthogonally
to the air gap, preferably axially, extend in the direction of the axle,
preferably radially, and alternate around the periphery, and at least
one air-core coil (3), each coil side of which changes its geometric form
at the outer edge (10), and which is bent or folded around the first body
(6), with this being a very thin disk-shaped body, at least in its peripheral
region, with boundary surfaces which predominantly consist of return path
material, and preferably a thin return path disk of uniform thickness,
and each coil side on both sides of the first disk-shaped body (6) extending
into he air gap sections (4', 4"), approximately in the middle between
each two disk-shaped bodies and at equal distances from them, in the direction
of the axle or shaft, and connected in its region nearest the axle with
another coil side into an air-core coil (3), with the first and second
disk-shaped bodies rotatable uniformly with one another and relative to
the at least one air-core coil (3).
33. An electrical machine according to claims 2 to
12, 14, 16 to 19, 23 to 29, 31, characterized in that the field device,
at least in the shape of at least three coaxial disk-shaped bodies (6,
7) lying at intervals, each as a disk or disk ring (16), is located on
the axle (24) or shaft (1), with each one disk-shaped body (6) located
neighboring one second disk-shaped body (7), and these, in section transverse
to the direction of movement, each delimiting one air gap section (4',
4"), whose boundary surfaces belonging to the first body approach one
another on at least one side closely enough that they are connected by
a short outer edge (28) and preferably lie parallel to one another, and
magnetic poles (27) belong to the second disk-shaped body on the side
toward the air gap which are magnetized orthogonally to the air gap, preferably
axially, which extend in the direction of the axle, preferably radially,
and which alternate around the periphery, and at least one air-core coil
(3), each coil side of which is bent or folded around the outer edge of
the preferably uniformly narrow cross-section of the first body (6), with
this preferably being, at least in the peripheral region, a very thin
disk-shaped body with boundary surfaces predominantly consisting of return
path material, and preferably being a thin return path disk of uniform
thickness, with each coil side extending outward from there on both sides
of the first disk-shaped body (6) in the direction of the axle or shaft,
into each of the air gap sections (4', 4") approximately centrally between
each two disk shaped bodies at equal distances from them and connected
there with another coil side into an air-core coil (3), with the first
and second disk-shaped bodies rotatable uniformly with one another and
relative to the at least one air-core coil (3), and a large part of the
folded region (18) of the coil is penetrated by the field, in that in
this part of the folded region at least a uniform and/or irregular air
gap section with magnetic poles affixed on at least one side delimits
the conductor.
34. An electrical machine according to claims 1, 2,
7 to 14, 16 to 29, 3.1, characterized in that the field device, at least
in the shape of at least three coaxial disk-shaped bodies (6, 7j lying-
at intervals, each as a disk or disk ring (16), is located on the axle
(24) or shaft (1), with each one disk-shaped body (6) located neighboring
one second disk-shaped body (7), and these, in section transverse to the
direction of movement, each delimiting one air gap section (4', 4"...),
which each run on one side of the first disk-shaped body (6) in the direction
of the shaft (1) or axle (24), and magnetic poles (27) belong to at least
one of the facing sides of the first and second disk-shaped bodies which
are magnetized orthogonally to the air gap boundary surface, preferably
axially, which extend in the direction of the axle, preferably radially,
and which alternate around the periphery, with the first body (6) preferably
consisting of a slot-shaped return path body (19), which, in section transverse
to the direction of movement, is very narrow, and magnetic poles (27)
which it carries on one of its sides, and the field device delimits a
further air gap section (4") in the peripheral region whose boundary surface
belonging to the first body abuts each of the boundary surfaces also belonging
to it of the neighboring air gap sections (4', 4"') in each edge (10),
and at least one air-core coil (3), with each coil side running at least
partially through the air gap in the peripheral region and changing its
geometric shape at both outer edges (10) of the first body (6) and bent
or folded around the first body, extending outward from there on both
sides of the first disk-shaped body (6) in the direction of the axle or
shaft, into each of the air gap sections (4', 4") approximately centrally
between each two disk-shaped bodies at equal distances from them, and
connected there with another coil side into an air-core coil (3), with
the field device rotatable relative to at least one air-core coil (3)
and the first and second disk-shaped bodies thereby preferably moving
uniformly with one another, and preferably a field device delimiting an
air gap at least partially encloses a conductor (20) along its length
in the folded region (18) in the region of at least one edge (10) of the
at least one air-core coil (3).
35. An electrical machine according to at least one
of the claims 1 to 29, 31 to 34, characterized in that the field device
is located, at least in the form of at least two coaxial nested drum-shaped
bodies (6, 7) at a distance from one another, on the axle (24) or shaft
(1), with each one first drum-shaped body (6) located neighboring one
second drum-shaped body (7) and these, in section transverse to the direction
of movement, each delimiting one air gap section (4', 4"...), with two
straight air gap sections or at least one straight and one curved air
gap section or at least one curved air gap section forming the air gap
(4), which approaches the axle or shaft in at least one region, with each
coil side of the at least one air-core coil (3) bent within at least one
curved air gap section and/or changing its shape on at least one edge
(10)j at which each two neighboring air gap sections abut at their boundary
surfaces belonging to the first body, and/or on an outer edge (28) of
the first body (6) and bending or folding around the first body (6) and
extending over the entire air gap (4) approximately centrally between
the first and second body and at approximately equal distances from them,
and the magnetic poles (27), which delimit the air gap (4) and each air
gap section (4', 4"...) on at least one side, are preferably magnetized
orthogonally to their air gap boundary surface, extend along the air gap
in section transverse to the direction of movement, and alternate around
the periphery, and the field device rotates relative to the at least one
air-core coil, with the first and second bodies (6, 7) of the field device
preferably securely connected and preferably moving uniformly with one
another.
36. An electrical machine according to claim 35, characterized
in that the first drum-shaped body (6) has the shape of a hollow or full
circular cylinder and the second drum-shaped body (7) has the shape of
a hollow circular cylinder, with at least one of the facing shell sides
of the first and second bodies (6, 7), which delimit an air gap section
(4"), containing magnetic poles (27) which are preferably radially magnetized
and alternate around the periphery, and, in section transverse to the
direction of movement, at least one of the facing sides of the first and
second body, on the face of the first body, which delimits an air gap
section (4'), containing magnetic poles (27), which are preferably magnetized
orthogonally to the air gap boundary surface and preferably axially and
which alternate around the periphery, and the edge (10) is formed by the
abutting boundary surfaces of the shell and face sides of the air gap
section (4', 4") belonging to the first body, which preferably lie orthogonal
to one another, each coil side of the at least one air-core coil is bent
or folded around it and it extends from there outward into the air gap
section (4") on the shell side, preferably axially, and in the direction
of the axle or shaft in the air gap section (4) on the face side, preferably
radially or radially projected.
37. An electrical machine according to claim 35, characterized
in that the first drum-shaped body (6) has the shape of a hollow or full
circular cylinder and the second drum-shaped body (7) has the shape of
a hollow circular cylinder, with at least one of the facing shell sides
of the first and second bodies (6, 7), which delimit an air gap section
(4"), containing magnetic poles (27) which are preferably radially magnetized
and alternate around the periphery, and, in section transverse to the
direction of movement, at least one of the facing faces of the first and
second body, which delimit an air gap section (4') on one face of the
first body and delimit an air: gap section (4"') on its other face, containing
magnetic poles (27), which are preferably magnetized orthogonally to the
air gap boundary surface and preferably axially and which alternate around
the periphery, with the air gap sections (4', 4"), in section transverse
to the direction of movement, preferably lying orthogonally to the air
gap section (4"'), and the boundary surfaces, belonging to the first body,
of one air gap section on the shell side and one-air gap section on the
face, each abutting in an edge (10) of the first body, around which each
coil side of the at least one air-core coil (3) is bent or folded and
extends from there preferably axially into the air gap section (4") on
the shell side and preferably radially or radially projected into the
air gap sections (4', 4"') on the face, each in the direction of the axle
or shaft.
38. An electrical machine according to claims 35 to
37, characterized in that the first drum-shaped body (6) has the shape
of a hollow or full circular cylinder and the second drum-shaped body
(7) has the shape of a hollow circular cylinder, with at least one of
the facing shell sides of the first and second bodies (6, 7), which delimit
an air gap section (4"), containing magnetic poles (27), which are preferably
radially magnetized and alternate around the periphery, and the circular
cylinder, in section transverse to the direction of movement, having faces
slanted or bent inwards on at least one side toward the axle (24) or shaft
(1), with at least one of the facing faces of the first and second body,
which delimits an air gap section (4') on the face on at least one side
of the first body, containing magnetic poles (27), which are preferably
magnetized orthogonally to the slanted or along the bending radius and
which alternate around the periphery, and at least one edge (10) formed
by the abutting boundary surfaces belonging to the first body (6) of the
air gap sections on the shell side and face, in which each coil side of
the at least one air-core coil (3) changes its geometric shape and is
bent or folded around the first body during its course through the air
gap and extends preferably axially into the air gap section (4") on the
shell side and into at least one air gap section (4,4"') on the face in
the direction of the axle or shaft and preferably radially projected.
39. An electrical machine according to claim 35, characterized
in that the field device is in the form of at least three cylindrical
bodies (6, 7) and the cylindrical body nearest the axle is a full or hollow
cylinder and all further bodies (6, 7) are hollow cylinders and are nested
in each other at a uniform interval at least on the shell side, with,
in axial section, the boundary surfaces of one first body (6) and one
second body (7) at a time delimiting one air gap section (4', 4"...) at
a time, which each extend axially on the inner and outer shell surfaces
of the first hollow cylinder (6), and at least one of the facing shell
surfaces of the first and second cylindrical bodies has magnetic poles
(27), which are preferably radially magnetized, extend axially, and alternate
around the periphery, and preferably at least one of the facing faces
of the first and second cylindrical bodies (6, 7), which delimit an air
gap section (4"'...) or a folded region (18) on at least one side of the
first body, also has magnetic poles (27), which are preferably axially
magnetized, extend in the direction of the axle or shaft, and alternate
around the periphery, and each coil side of the at least one air-core
coil (3) is bent around at least one edge (10) of a hollow cylindrical
first body, which is formed by each two neighboring, abutting boundary
surfaces of neighboring air gap sections or is bent or folded around an
outer edge (28) of the, in section transverse to the direction of movement,
relatively uniformly narrow cross-section of the hollow cylindrical first
body (6) and extends axially from there outward on both sides of the edge
(10) or the outer edge (28) of the, in the section transverse to the direction
of movement, narrow cross-section of the hollow cylindrical first body
(6), into an air gap section on the face or on one side at a time into
an air gap section on the face in the direction of the axle (24) or shaft
(1), preferably radially or radially projected, and on the other side
into an air gap section on the shell side, preferably axially.
40. An electrical machine according to claims 1 to
30, characterized in that the field device consists at least in the form
of at least two long bodies (6, 7), with each one first long body (6)
located neighboring one second long body (7), in section transverse to
the direction of movement, and these each delimiting one air gap section
(4', 4"...), with two straight air gap sections or at least one straight
and one curved air gap section or at least one curved air gap section
forming the air gap (4), with each coil side of the at least one air-core
coil (3) bent in its course through the air gap (4) around at least one
first body (6) within at least one curved air gap section and/or changing
its geometric shape at at least one edge (10) and/or outer edge (28) of
the long first body (6) and bent or folded around the first body (6),
and extending over the complete air gap (4) approximately centrally between
the first and second body and at approximately the same distance from
each of them, and the magnetic poles (27), which delimit the air gap (4)
and each air gap section (4',4"...) on at least one side, are preferably
magnetized orthogonally to their air gap boundary surface, extend, in
section transverse to the direction of movement, along the air gap (4),
and alternate around the periphery, and the field device moves linearly
relative to at least one air-core coil, with the first and second bodies
(6, 7) of the field device preferably securely connected and moving together
uniformly.
41. An electrical machine according to claim 40, characterized
in that the long bodies (6, 7) are at least three long, plate-shaped bodies
(6, 7) of a small, uniform thickness, which lie at uniform intervals from
one another, with an air gap section (4', 4 "...) located between each
first plate-shaped body (6) and second plate-shaped body (7), and the
air gap sections lying parallel to one another in section transverse to
the direction of movement, with the plate-shaped bodies (6, 7) being long
relative to their width and the long sides lying in the direction of movement
and magnetic poles (27) belonging to at least one of the facing sides
of the first and second plate-shaped bodies (6, 7) which extend transverse
to the direction of movement and are magnetized orthogonally to the surface
of the plate-shaped body (6, 7) delimiting the air gap, and the boundary
surfaces belonging to the first body (6), which has, in section transverse
to the direction of movement, a uniformly narrow surface, two neighboring
air gap sections (4', 4"...) abut one another on one long side at the
outer edge (28), around which each of the coil sides of the at least one
air-core coil (3) is bent or folded, and extends from this folded region
(18) into the air gap section, and is connected, in the region of the
other opposite long edge of the first plate-shaped body (6), with another
coil side into an air-core coil (3), and the at least one air-core coil
moves linearly relative to the field layout.
42. An electrical machine according to claim 39, characterized
in that the first and second long bodies (6, 7) are connected with one
another in the direction of movement at their beginning and their end
by a body.
Release of Patents (Developments)
Because of my spiritual guidance which was responsible for the discovery
and
development of such a comprehensive concept for machines in the first
place, I
withdraw all patent registrations and those inventions which are dose
to receiving
a full patent in Europe and the USA, as well as the patent application
in Japan, and
freely offer all inventions to be used.
Those organisations and businesses which were interested in my inventions
were
able to understand by studying my inventions and publications about the
air coil
principle that I combined the giving of licences with fundamental ethical
principles
which initially related to peaceful and environment-friendly applications
of these
machines and were finally connected to the initiation of a new, life-affirming
economic system.
From many sectors I received praise for these good intentions, but also
criticism.
The criticism came from business owners who wanted to use these innovative
machines but felt forced to adopt a certain ethical attitude which was
unfamiliar and
unusual. Such coercion had never been my intention, instead I was searching
for
like-minded people who would recognise in this approach the longed for
solution to
many problems of our present time.
During the development of the machines my interest was always focused
on the
evolution of humanity towards responsible, life-affirming fundamental
attitudes. It
was always dear to me that humanity could not be saved nor transformed
into
something positive by this machine, however good it might be, but only
a change of
each individual behaving responsibly towards oneself, other people and
nature
would bring transformation and ultimately peace.
Therefore l combined my far-reaching realisations about life which I
acquired
during my hermit-like existence of the past 13 years with the giving of
licences for
the inventions of these electrical machines which are most environment-friendly
by
a long way.
During the whole 12 year period of developing these electrical machines
I
searched for the laws and the meaning of life, by studying the old spiritual
ways
and examining their truthfulness with my heart. Since no comprehensive
solution or
vision for the problems of the present time were to be found there, I
directly
approached the highest being that carries many names, like God, Allah,
Great
Spirit, All That Is or Nothingness, whose answers I soon became aware
of and
whose voice I trusted more and more. I consciously surrendered to the
divine
guidance and explored the spiritual world and the true connections of
life. Through
this dose contact I found amongst many things a comprehensive machine
concept
and the concept for a life supporting economic system.
With the manufacturing processes (last patent registration) the development
of the
electrical machines was finished for me, according to divine guidance,
I therefore
had completed my part in the task of manifesting these machines.
In connection with the peaceful application of these machines I had recognised
previously that a rejection of war with its resulting negative attention
gives energy to
war and therefore strengthens and attracts war, even supports it.
I also knew that control over peaceful and environment-friendly applications
would
inevitably cause an avoidance of these controls. Through the development
of the
new economic System I recognised that even a patent connected with ethics
will be
an organ of control, and that true change in the use of new developments,
machines and scientific knowledge can only happen on a voluntary basis.
On the basis of this I have completed the development of the new economic
System
which can only function on a voluntary heart basis of each individual.
The
willingness for this is present in many people and grows daily in the
face of
catastrophic global development. Until now a vision, the start of a solution
was
missing which has now been supplied.
The decisive shift towards the choice to release the inventions came
through the
change in my spiritual guidance and through the transmission of a comprehensive
Vision with the following invitation, now that the development was complete,
to
make everything freely available, irrespective of the boundless energy
I had
dedicated to this over 12 years, and quite apart from the vast sums of
money I had
invested.
Surrendering to the divine power means one cannot hold onto anything,
except to
oneself, the truth of the heart and creating life anew in each moment
with absolute
trust.
May machines of the air coil principle find quick, comprehensive, world-wide
application with heart, for the benefit of the whole in tune with the
divine order and
serve our natural foundation of life and peace.
For a voluntary orientation now follow suggestions for a licence agreement
which
had been worked out before the release of the invention on the basis of
the new
economic system in connection with the quality marks.
About the new economic system I have no English translation just now, but
in German language you will find it on Internet-page:
http://www.sternen-motoren.de/Neues-Wirtschaftssystem.htm
Anschrift: Ingenieurbüro
- Dipl. Ing. Jörg Bobzin
Postfach 1649
D-24015 Kiel
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Internet:
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| Email:
Bobzin@sternen-motoren.de |
Tel.: 0049 431
300 345 21
Fax: 0049 431 380 17 62 |
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